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Las piezoproteínas son subunidades formadoras de poros de canales activados mecánicamente
Bertrand Coste1, Bailong Xiao, Jose S Santos
1Department of Cell Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Nature
|February 21, 2012
Resumen
La mecanotransducción se basa en canales iónicos sensibles a la presión. Este estudio revela que las proteínas Piezo son de hecho estos canales, formando componentes esenciales para la percepción del tacto y el sonido.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología celular Biología celular.
- La biofísica es la biofísica.
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Sus antecedentes:
- La mecanotransducción es crucial para procesos fisiológicos como la percepción del tacto y el sonido.
- Los canales catiónicos específicos responsables de la detección de presión permanecieron sin identificar.
- Los ratones Piezo1 y Piezo2 inducen corrientes activadas mecánicamente, pero su papel como canales formadores de poros no estaba claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar si las proteínas piezoeléctricas son canales iónicos formadores de poros o moduladores.
- Para investigar las propiedades de Drosophila melanogaster Piezo (DmPiezo).
- Para caracterizar la estructura y la función del ratón Piezo1 (MmPiezo1).
Principales métodos:
- Electrofisiología para medir corrientes activadas mecánicamente.
- Análisis bioquímico para determinar el conjunto complejo de MmPiezo1.
- Reconstitución de MmPiezo1 purificado en bicapas lipídicas y liposomas.
Principales resultados:
- DmPiezo induce corrientes activadas mecánicamente con propiedades distintas de las proteínas Piezo de mamíferos.
- MmPiezo1 forma un gran complejo homooligomérico (aproximadamente 1,2 millones de daltones).
- El MmPiezo1 purificado reconstituido en membranas artificiales forma canales iónicos funcionales sensibles al rojo de rutenio.
Conclusiones:
- Las proteínas piezoeléctricas se conservan evolutivamente, son canales iónicos formadores de poros.
- Estos canales están directamente involucrados en la mecanotransducción.
- Los hallazgos identifican a las proteínas piezoeléctricas como los canales catiónicos sensibles a la presión, largamente buscados.
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