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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

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Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
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Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

Membranas de intercambio aniónico basadas en cationes metálicos.

Yongping Zha1, Melanie L Disabb-Miller, Zachary D Johnson

  • 1Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 6, 2012
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron nuevas membranas de intercambio aniónico (AEM) basadas en cationes metálicos utilizando complejos de rutenio. Estos nuevos AEM demuestran una conductividad y estabilidad prometedoras para diversas aplicaciones.

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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Published on: February 23, 2017

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Química de Polímeros La Química de Polímeros es la química de los polímeros.
  • La electroquímica es electroquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las membranas de intercambio de aniones (AEM) son cruciales para dispositivos electroquímicos como las pilas de combustible.
  • Los AEM tradicionales a menudo se basan en cationes cuaternarios de amonio o fosfonio.
  • El desarrollo de AEM con mejor estabilidad y rendimiento es un área de investigación en curso.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Introducir y caracterizar las primeras membranas de intercambio aniónico (AEM) basadas en cationes metálicos.
  • Evaluar el potencial de los complejos basados en rutenio en aplicaciones de AEM.
  • Para comparar el rendimiento de estos nuevos AEM con los convencionales.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de AEM a través de la copolimerización y el enlace cruzado de un monómero de norboreneno funcionalizado con un complejo de bis (terpiridina) rutenio (II) y dicíclopentadieno.
  • Caracterización de las propiedades de la membrana incluyendo la conductividad aniónica, resistencia mecánica, estabilidad alcalina y tolerancia al metanol.
  • Investigación de la asociación única de contraaniones en el sistema de cationes metálicos.

Principales resultados:

  • Los AEMs basados en cationes metálicos sintetizados exhibieron conductividades aniónicas comparables a las AEM tradicionales basadas en amonio cuaternario.
  • Las membranas demostraron buenas propiedades mecánicas y notable estabilidad alcalina.
  • Se observó una excelente tolerancia al metanol en los nuevos AEM.
  • Los complejos de rutenio presentaban dos contraaniones asociados, que difieren de los pares de catión-anión en los AEM convencionales.

Conclusiones:

  • Los polímeros basados en cationes metálicos representan una nueva clase prometedora de materiales para aplicaciones conductoras de aniones.
  • Los AEM basados en rutenio desarrollados ofrecen una alternativa viable a las tecnologías de membrana existentes.
  • La investigación adicional en materiales basados en cationes metálicos podría conducir a avances en los sistemas de energía electroquímica.