Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: May 23, 2026
08:50
A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
Published on: June 24, 2020
La exposición microbiana durante los primeros años de vida tiene efectos persistentes en la función de las células T
Torsten Olszak1, Dingding An, Sebastian Zeissig
1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 24, 2012
Resumen
La exposición de la primera infancia a los microbios protege contra las enfermedades inmunológicas. En ratones libres de gérmenes, la falta de microbios conduce a la acumulación de células inmunes y al aumento de la gravedad de la enfermedad, lo que resalta la importancia del contacto microbiano temprano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Gastroenterología y Gastroenterología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La exposición a los microbios en la vida temprana está relacionada con la protección contra enfermedades inmunomediadas como la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) y el asma.
- Los entornos libres de gérmenes (GF) carecen de la estimulación microbiana que suele encontrar el sistema inmunológico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de la exposición microbiana en la regulación de las poblaciones de células T (iNKT) asesinas naturales invariantes en los tejidos de la mucosa.
- Determinar el impacto de la colonización microbiana temprana en la vida sobre la susceptibilidad a los modelos de EII y asma alérgica.
Principales métodos:
- Comparación de ratones GF con ratones libres de patógenos específicos (SPF) en modelos de EII y asma alérgica.
- Análisis de la acumulación de células iNKT en la lámina propia del colon y el pulmón.
- Medición de la expresión del ligando quimioquina CXCL16 en los tejidos intestinales y pulmonares.
- Colonización de ratones GF con una microbiota convencional a diferentes edades (neonatal frente a adulto).
Principales resultados:
- Los ratones GF exhibieron una mayor acumulación de células iNKT en el colon y el pulmón en comparación con los ratones SPF.
- Esta acumulación de células iNKT en ratones GF se correlacionó con un aumento de la morbilidad en modelos de EII y asma.
- La expresión de CXCL16 fue elevada en la mucosa de los ratones GF, asociada con la presencia de células iNKT.
- La colonización neonatal con microbiota, pero no la colonización adulta, impidió la acumulación y la patología de las células iNKT.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición microbiana temprana en la vida es crítica para establecer la tolerancia en las células iNKT de la mucosa.
- La colonización microbiana sensible a la edad programa el sistema inmunológico para evitar respuestas exageradas a los factores ambientales.
- La interrupción del contacto microbiano temprano puede conducir a una desregulación inmune y una mayor susceptibilidad a las enfermedades inmunomediadas.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:27Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
01:22Development of Immunocompetence
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
01:30Development of Human Microbiota
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
01:28Cells of the Innate Immune Response
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
01:23Immunological Memory
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...