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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 23, 2026

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

La biogénesis del ARN de la telomerasa implica la unión secuencial por los complejos Sm y Lsm.

Wen Tang1, Ram Kannan, Marco Blanchette

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.

Nature
|March 27, 2012
PubMed
Resumen

Las proteínas Sm y Lsm se unen secuencialmente al ARN telomerasa de la levadura de fisión (TER1), guiando su maduración. Este proceso implica la escisión del espliceosoma, la hipermetilación de la 5'-cap por Tgs1 y la protección del 3'-end, crucial para la biogénesis de la telomerasa.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
  • Genética La genética.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La telomerasa contrarresta la pérdida de ADN en los eucariotas, vital para la estabilidad celular.
  • La desregulación de la telomerasa está relacionada con el cáncer y las enfermedades degenerativas.
  • Comprender la biogénesis de la telomerasa es clave para las intervenciones terapéuticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para dilucidar las funciones secuenciales de las proteínas Sm y Lsm en la fisión de la levadura telomerasa ARN (TER1) biogénesis.
  • Caracterizar la participación del espliceosoma, la metilasa Tgs1 y los complejos Sm/Lsm en el procesamiento de TER1.

Principales métodos:

  • Investigó la asociación del complejo Sm y Lsm2-8 con el precursor TER1.
  • Se analizó la escisión espliceosómica y la hipermetilación de 5 tapas.
  • Se evaluó el papel de estos complejos en la protección de los TER1 maduros1.

Principales resultados:

  • Se ha demostrado la unión secuencial del anillo Sm y el complejo Lsm2-8 al TER1.1.
  • Se ha demostrado que la unión de Sm estimula la escisión espliceosómica y la hipermetilación mediada por Tgs1.
  • Se confirmó que el complejo Lsm2-8 promueve la asociación de subunidades catalíticas y la protección de 3 extremos.

Conclusiones:

  • Definido el proceso paso a paso de la biogénesis de la telomerasa en la levadura de fisión.
  • Caracterizó nuevas funciones para los complejos Sm, Lsm y Tgs1 en la maduración de TER1.
  • Proporcionó información sobre la regulación del procesamiento del ARN de la telomerasa.