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La mortalidad por cáncer en la India: una encuesta representativa a nivel nacional
Rajesh Dikshit1, Prakash C Gupta, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige
1Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
Lancet (London, England)
|March 31, 2012
Resumen
Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer en la India varían significativamente según la educación y la región. La prevención de los cánceres relacionados con el tabaco y el cáncer de cuello uterino, junto con la detección temprana, puede reducir las muertes, especialmente en las zonas rurales desatendidas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Oncología Oncología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los datos de mortalidad por cáncer faltan para las regiones y subpoblaciones de la India.
- Este estudio evaluó las causas de muerte en áreas representativas de la India.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Documentar las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer específicas por edad en toda la India.
- Para identificar cánceres mortales comunes y factores de riesgo en diferentes grupos demográficos.
Principales métodos:
- Se analizaron 122.429 muertes de 6.671 áreas seleccionadas al azar.
- Los médicos capacitados asignaron las causas de la muerte en base a los informes de los topógrafos.
Principales resultados:
- Se estima que 556.400 muertes por cáncer ocurrieron en la India en 2010.
- Los cánceres de boca, estómago y pulmón fueron más comunes en los hombres; los cánceres de cuello uterino, estómago y mama en las mujeres (edades 30-69).
- Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer fueron similares en áreas rurales y urbanas, pero más altas en poblaciones menos educadas y variaron según el estado.
Conclusiones:
- La prevención de los cánceres cervicales y relacionados con el tabaco y la mejora de la detección temprana pueden reducir las muertes por cáncer.
- Las disparidades en las tasas de cáncer sugieren factores de riesgo no descubiertos o agentes causantes.
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