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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

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Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Published on: October 13, 2017

Acoplamiento del túnel cuántico con fotones de cavidad.

Peter Cristofolini1, Gabriel Christmann, Simeon I Tsintzos

  • 1NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 12, 2012
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores crearon nuevos polaritones de túnel, que son cuasipartículas de materia ligera con momentos dipolo. Este avance permite nuevas posibilidades para los fenómenos cuánticos y dispositivos fotónicos avanzados.

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Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La física cuántica es la física cuántica.
  • Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
  • La óptica es la óptica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El túnel electrónico es crucial para las reacciones químicas, la electrónica y los dispositivos.
  • El control convencional de túneles utiliza campos eléctricos.
  • Los polaritones de microcavidad de la materia ligera pueden Bose-condensarse en superfluidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Explorar un nuevo enfoque para controlar el túnel de electrones mediante la creación de cuasipartículas bosónicas.
  • Para investigar las propiedades de los polaritones de túnel con momentos dipolares estáticos.
  • Para conectar los reinos de los superfluidos polaritónicos y los sistemas de agujeros de electrones ligados a Coulomb.

Principales métodos:

  • Formación de polaritones de túnel mediante la unión de electrones en cuasipartículas bosónicas con un componente fotónico.
  • La ingeniería de un sistema de tres estados para generar polaritones oscuros.
  • Utilizando los polaritones de microcavidad y las interacciones electrón-agujero ligadas a Coulomb.

Principales resultados:

  • Se han producido con éxito cuasipartículas bosónicas con momentos dipolares estáticos (polaritones de túnel).
  • Demostró un sistema de tres estados que exhibe polaritones oscuros, análogos a los de los sistemas atómicos.
  • Se estableció una conexión entre los superfluidos polaritónicos y los sistemas con fuertes interacciones dipolo.

Conclusiones:

  • Los polaritones de túnel ofrecen una nueva plataforma para el control de los fenómenos cuánticos.
  • El sistema desarrollado abre vías para la transparencia inducida electromagnéticamente y la condensación a temperatura ambiente.
  • Las aplicaciones potenciales incluyen transferencia adiabática de fotones a electrones y dispositivos cuánticos avanzados.