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La delaminación de células vivas contrarresta el crecimiento epitelial para limitar el hacinamiento tisular
Eliana Marinari1, Aida Mehonic, Scott Curran
1Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Nature
|April 17, 2012
Resumen
El crecimiento del tejido epitelial es equilibrado por un nuevo proceso de delaminación celular inducido por aglomeración. Este mecanismo, distinto de la muerte celular, ayuda a mantener el orden de los tejidos y puede afectar el desarrollo temprano del cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología celular Biología celular.
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- La biofísica es la biofísica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El desarrollo epitelial requiere un crecimiento equilibrado y muerte celular.
- Los mecanismos que controlan el crecimiento de los tejidos y evitan la desregulación (por ejemplo, la tumorigénesis) no se comprenden completamente.
- El control adecuado de la retroalimentación del crecimiento del tejido epitelial es crucial para la homeostasis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar nuevos mecanismos de control de retroalimentación en el crecimiento del tejido epitelial.
- Investigar la delaminación celular inducida por aglomeración como un proceso de equilibrio del crecimiento.
- Comprender las implicaciones de la delaminación celular en el desarrollo de los tejidos y las enfermedades.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó el notum de Drosophila como sistema modelo.
- Se observó y se analizó la delaminación celular inducida por aglomeración.
- Modelado computacional empleado de la mecánica epitelial.
- Delaminación diferenciada de la extrusión celular mediada por la apoptosis.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó un nuevo proceso de delaminación celular inducida por aglomeración en tejidos epiteliales.
- Se demostró que la deslaminación implica la pérdida de las uniones celulares y el área apical, lo que lleva a la extrusión celular.
- Se demostró que este proceso es mecánicamente distinto de la apoptosis y precede a la muerte celular.
- Los modelos computacionales recapitulaban la pérdida estocástica de células que aliviaba el hacinamiento.
Conclusiones:
- La delaminación celular inducida por la aglomeración es un mecanismo clave para el amortiguamiento de los epitélios contra las variaciones de crecimiento.
- Este proceso asegura un embalaje celular bien ordenado durante el desarrollo de los tejidos.
- La delaminación de células vivas vincula la hiperplasia epitelial con la invasión celular, con implicaciones para las primeras etapas del cáncer.
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