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Cambios recientes en la diversidad vegetal en las cumbres de las montañas de Europa

Harald Pauli¹, Michael Gottfried, Stefan Dullinger

¹Institute of Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, c/o University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 21, 2012

Resumen

El calentamiento climático hace que las especies vegetales suban de pendiente en las montañas europeas. Mientras que las cumbres de temperatura boreal ganaron especies, las cumbres mediterráneas las perdieron debido a la disminución de la disponibilidad de agua, arriesgando la flora endémica.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Botánica La botánica es la botánica.
Ciencia del Cambio Climático Ciencia del Cambio Climático

Sus antecedentes:

El calentamiento climático está causando que las especies cambien sus rangos hacia altitudes más altas.
La evidencia de los cambios altitudinales a menudo se basa en los levantamientos de sitios históricos.
Las redes de monitoreo estandarizadas son cruciales para el seguimiento de los cambios ecológicos en curso.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar los cambios recientes en la riqueza de especies de plantas vasculares en las cadenas montañosas europeas.
Para analizar los desplazamientos de especies altitudinales y su impacto en la flora de la cumbre.
Para identificar las diferencias regionales en los cambios de riqueza de especies debido a las tendencias climáticas.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó una red de monitoreo estandarizada en las principales cadenas montañosas europeas.
Datos recopilados sobre la riqueza de especies de plantas vasculares entre 2001 y 2008.
Comparación de los cambios en la riqueza de especies en las regiones montañosas de temperatura boreal frente a las mediterráneas.

Principales resultados:

Las especies de plantas vasculares mostraron un desplazamiento promedio en la pendiente ascendente.
La riqueza de especies de la flora de la cumbre aumentó en las montañas de temperatura boreal (+3,9 especies).
La riqueza de especies de la flora de la cumbre disminuyó en las montañas mediterráneas (-1,4 especies).

Conclusiones:

Los desplazamientos de especies altitudinales tienen efectos contrastantes en la riqueza de la flora de la cumbre en toda Europa.
La disminución de la disponibilidad de agua en el sur de Europa probablemente tenga un impacto negativo en la flora de las montañas mediterráneas.
Las tendencias continuas pueden conducir a una reducción de la flora general de las montañas europeas, especialmente las especies endémicas.

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