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Las cuencas de impacto gigantes geológicamente recientes en el polo sur de Vesta
Paul Schenk1, David P O'Brien, Simone Marchi
1Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA. schenk@lpi.usra.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 15, 2012
Resumen
Los impactos gigantes en el asteroide Vesta crearon dos grandes cuencas, Rheasilvia y Veneneia. Estas cuencas jóvenes ofrecen información sobre los impactos planetarios y pueden explicar el origen de los meteoritos Vestoides.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
- El cráter de impacto es el cráter de impacto.
- Geología de los asteroides Geología de los asteroides
Sus antecedentes:
- El asteroide Vesta es un protoplaneta en el cinturón interior de asteroides.
- La comprensión de los procesos de impacto en Vesta proporciona información sobre la evolución temprana del sistema solar.
- Estudios anteriores sugirieron una única característica de gran impacto en el polo sur de Vesta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar las características geológicas de la región polar sur de Vesta utilizando datos de la misión Dawn.
- Caracterizar las estructuras de impacto y sus mecanismos de formación.
- Para investigar el origen de los meteoritos vestoides y los meteoritos howardita-eucrita-diogenita.
Principales métodos:
- Mapeo topográfico global utilizando datos de la nave espacial Dawn.
- Análisis morfológico de las cuencas de impacto y depósitos de eyecciones.
- Interpretación geológica de las características estructurales, incluidas las fracturas en espiral.
Principales resultados:
- La depresión polar sur de Vesta está formada por dos cuencas de impacto gigantes que se superponen: Rheasilvia (500 km de ancho) y Veneneia (400 km de ancho).
- Rheasilvia es la cuenca más joven y exhibe una extensa eyección pero baja fusión de impacto, con un patrón de fractura en espiral único.
- Ambas cuencas son geológicamente jóvenes (1-2 mil millones de años) y alteraron significativamente la corteza de Vesta, excavando material que probablemente formó Vestoides y ciertos tipos de meteoritos.
Conclusiones:
- La estructura de doble cuenca en el polo sur de Vesta es el resultado de impactos gigantes secuenciales.
- La corta edad y las características de estas cuencas proporcionan datos cruciales sobre los procesos de impacto a gran escala en cuerpos de baja gravedad.
- Los materiales excavados son fuertes candidatos para la fuente de clases específicas de meteoritos que se encuentran en la Tierra.
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