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Las tablas astronómicas mayas antiguas de Xultun, Guatemala
William A Saturno1, David Stuart, Anthony F Aveni
1Archaeology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. saturno@bu.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 15, 2012
Resumen
Las primeras tablas astronómicas mayas fueron descubiertas en Guatemala, anteriores a ejemplos previamente conocidos. Estos jeroglíficos del siglo IX detallan los movimientos lunares y posiblemente planetarios, ofreciendo información sobre la antigua astronomía maya.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Arqueología Arqueología.
- La arqueoastronomía es la arqueoastronomía.
- Estudios Mesoamericanos Los estudios Mesoamericanos son los estudios que se realizan en los Estados Unidos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las tablas astronómicas mayas se conocen a partir de libros de papel de corteza del Posclásico Tardío (13001521 d.C.). En el caso de las personas que se encuentran en situación de exclusión social.
- Precursores del período maya clásico (200900 d.C.) no han sido previamente identificados.
- La antigua civilización maya desarrolló sofisticados sistemas astronómicos y de calendario.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar potenciales precursores mayas clásicos de las tablas astronómicas posteriores.
- Para analizar los jeroglíficos recién descubiertos para el contenido calendario y astronómico.
- Para entender la evolución de las prácticas astronómicas mayas.
Principales métodos:
- Excavación de una habitación pintada en las ruinas de Xultun en Guatemala (datada a principios del siglo IX d.C.). En el caso de las personas que se encuentran en situación de exclusión social.
- Análisis de pinturas murales y de techo, incluidas figuras humanas y jeroglíficos.
- Descifrar los jeroglíficos del calendario para identificar los cálculos astronómicos.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de numerosos delicados jeroglíficos negros, rojos e incisos en las paredes de las habitaciones.
- Identificación de inscripciones calendariales relacionadas con los cálculos astronómicos.
- Reconocimiento de al menos dos tablas que detallan los movimientos lunares, con posibles referencias a Marte y Venus.
Conclusiones:
- Los jeroglíficos descubiertos representan las primeras tablas astronómicas mayas, potencialmente las más antiguas conocidas.
- Estos hallazgos proporcionan evidencia crucial para el conocimiento y las prácticas astronómicas mayas clásicas.
- Las tablas de Xultun ofrecen información sobre el desarrollo de los libros astronómicos mayas posteriores.
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