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La electrólisis del agua en estado sólido con una membrana alcalina
Yongjun Leng1, Guang Chen, Alfonso J Mendoza
1Electrochemical Engine Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 17, 2012
Resumen
Este estudio demuestra la electrolisis de agua de membrana alcalina de estado sólido y duradera utilizando una membrana de intercambio de aniones (AEM) e ionomer. Este avance ofrece un camino prometedor para la producción de hidrógeno escalable y de bajo costo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La electroquímica es electroquímica.
- Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
- Energía Sostenible Energía Sostenible
Sus antecedentes:
- La electrólisis de agua por membrana alcalina (AEMWE) es una tecnología prometedora para la producción de hidrógeno.
- AEMWE tradicional a menudo se basa en electrolitos líquidos, lo que plantea desafíos para el diseño del sistema y la escalabilidad.
- El desarrollo de sistemas AEMWE de estado sólido es crucial para la generación de hidrógeno simplificada y robusta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para informar sobre el alto rendimiento y la resistencia de la membrana alcalina a la electrólisis del agua en una célula de estado sólido.
- Para investigar el uso de membranas de intercambio de aniones (AEM) y de iónomeres de capa de catalizador sin electrolito líquido.
- Optimizar la electrólisis basada en AEM para una mayor longevidad y eficiencia.
Principales métodos:
- Fabricación de una célula de electrólisis de estado sólido utilizando una membrana de intercambio aniónico (AEM).
- Incorporación de un ionómero de capa catalizadora que facilita la conducción de iones de hidróxido.
- Prueba del rendimiento de la célula a 50 °C con ánodo de óxido de iridio y catalizadores de cátodo negro Pt.
- Evaluación de la durabilidad de las células a través de una composición de ionómero optimizada y una configuración de alimentación de agua.
Principales resultados:
- Logró una densidad de corriente de 399 mA/cm2 a 1.80 V a 50 °C.
- Demostró una mejor durabilidad al incorporar un ionomer robusto y optimizar la entrega de agua.
- Funcionó con éxito la célula de electrólisis basada en AEM durante más de 535 horas.
- Confirmó la viabilidad de la operación en estado sólido sin adición de electrolito líquido externo.
Conclusiones:
- La electrólisis de agua de membrana alcalina en estado sólido es factible y ofrece un alto rendimiento.
- Los ionomeros duraderos y las configuraciones optimizadas son la clave para la electrólisis AEM de larga duración.
- Esta tecnología representa un paso significativo hacia una producción de hidrógeno rentable y escalable.
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