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La reciente expansión tropical en el hemisferio norte fue impulsada principalmente por el carbono negro y el ozono
Robert J Allen1, Steven C Sherwood, Joel R Norris
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA. rjallen@ucr.edu
Nature
|May 19, 2012
Resumen
El carbono negro y los aerosoles de ozono troposférico son los principales impulsores de la expansión tropical del hemisferio norte, a diferencia de los gases de efecto invernadero. Estos agentes de calentamiento cambian la circulación atmosférica, reubicando las zonas climáticas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los estudios de observación indican un ensanchamiento del cinturón tropical que se correlaciona con el calentamiento global.
- La expansión tropical influye en la circulación atmosférica y los cambios en las zonas climáticas.
- La expansión del hemisferio sur está relacionada con el agotamiento de la capa de ozono, pero los factores del hemisferio norte siguen siendo poco claros y no reproducidos por los modelos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los impulsores de la expansión del cinturón tropical del hemisferio norte.
- Determinar el papel de los aerosoles frente a los gases de efecto invernadero en la expansión tropical.
- Para explicar el máximo veraniego observado en la expansión tropical.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un modelo climático con una física detallada de aerosoles.
- Simuló los efectos de los gases de efecto invernadero, los aerosoles de carbono negro y el ozono troposférico.
- Analizó el impacto del calentamiento atmosférico en las latitudes medias y los chorros troposféricos.
Principales resultados:
- Los aumentos en el carbono negro y los aerosoles de ozono troposférico fueron más efectivos para impulsar la expansión tropical que los gases de efecto invernadero.
- Estos aerosoles pueden explicar el máximo veraniego observado en la expansión tropical.
- El calentamiento atmosférico de los aerosoles en latitudes medias causó un desplazamiento hacia los polos del chorro troposférico.
Conclusiones:
- El carbono negro y el ozono troposférico son las causas más probables de la expansión tropical del hemisferio norte.
- Las actividades humanas influyen significativamente en estos agentes aerosoles.
- Se necesita más investigación para investigar la insensibilidad del modelo y refinar las estimaciones de forzamiento de aerosoles.
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