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Las inspecciones de seguridad gubernamentales aleatorias reducen las lesiones de los trabajadores sin pérdida de
David I Levine1, Michael W Toffel, Matthew S Johnson
1Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 19, 2012
Resumen
Las inspecciones de seguridad en el trabajo reducen significativamente las tasas de lesiones y los costos para los empleadores. Estas mejoras no tienen un impacto negativo en el empleo, las ventas o la supervivencia de la empresa, desafiando las afirmaciones de que las regulaciones perjudican a las empresas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional.
- Economía del trabajo Economía del trabajo.
- Análisis de impacto regulatorio Análisis de impacto regulatorio
Sus antecedentes:
- Existe un debate sobre si las regulaciones de seguridad en el lugar de trabajo dañan la competitividad de las empresas o mejoran la seguridad a un costo mínimo.
- Las investigaciones anteriores a menudo carecen de pruebas empíricas sólidas sobre el impacto directo de las inspecciones de seguridad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar empíricamente el impacto de las inspecciones de seguridad en el lugar de trabajo en las tasas de lesiones y el rendimiento de la empresa.
- Proporcionar información basada en datos sobre los resultados económicos y de seguridad de la aplicación de la normativa.
Principales métodos:
- Un diseño de experimento de campo natural fue empleado en California.
- Se compararon 409 establecimientos inspeccionados al azar con 409 establecimientos de control emparejado no seleccionados para la inspección.
Principales resultados:
- Los empleadores inspeccionados al azar mostraron una disminución del 9,4% en las tasas de lesiones en comparación con los controles.
- Los costos de daños para las empresas inspeccionadas se redujeron en un 26%.
- No se observaron efectos adversos en el empleo, las ventas, las calificaciones crediticias o la supervivencia de la empresa.
Conclusiones:
- Las inspecciones de seguridad en el lugar de trabajo son efectivas para reducir las lesiones y los costos asociados.
- Estas mejoras de seguridad se pueden lograr sin comprometer la competitividad o la viabilidad de las empresas.
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