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Las deleciones hemisigóticas recurrentes en los cánceres pueden optimizar el potencial proliferativo potencial
Nicole L Solimini1, Qikai Xu, Craig H Mermel
1Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, and Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 26, 2012
Resumen
Las deleciones recurrentes en los tumores pueden conducir al cáncer mediante la eliminación de genes supresores de tumores (genes STOP) y genes esenciales (genes GO). Este modelo de "isla de genes del cáncer" explica cómo la pérdida acumulativa de genes promueve el crecimiento tumoral.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética La genética.
- Biología del cáncer Biología del cáncer.
- La genómica es la genómica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los tumores con frecuencia muestran deleciones hemisigóticas que carecen de supresores tumorales conocidos, un fenómeno poco comprendido.
- Estas deleciones sugieren un papel potencial para nuevos mecanismos genéticos en la tumorigénesis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el papel de los genes dentro de las deleciones hemisigóticas en el desarrollo del cáncer.
- Para identificar los genes que contribuyen a la tumorigénesis a través de la haploinsufficiencia.
Principales métodos:
- Cribado genético de genes relevantes para el cáncer dentro de deleciones hemisigóticas.
- Análisis de la función génica (regulación de la proliferación) y la distribución cromosómica.
- Desarrollo del modelo de la isla de genes del cáncer.
Principales resultados:
- Identificación de genes STOP (reguladores negativos de la proliferación, incluidos los supresores de tumores) y genes GO (reguladores positivos de la proliferación, genes esenciales).
- Las deleciones recurrentes eliminan preferentemente los genes STOP y los genes GO de repuesto.
- Modelo propuesto de islas genéticas del cáncer: las deleciones de islas ricas en genes maximizan la aptitud proliferativa.
Conclusiones:
- Las haploinsuficiencias acumuladas de las deleciones hemisigóticas de las "islas de genes del cáncer" pueden impulsar la tumorigénesis.
- Este mecanismo contribuye al desarrollo de tumores en diversos tipos de cáncer.
- Los desequilibrios genéticos STOP y GO son críticos en la progresión del cáncer.
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