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Las lesiones cutáneas inducidas por heparina.
Marc Schindewolf1, Edelgard Lindhoff-Last, Ralf J Ludwig
1Division of Vascular Medicine and Haemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 31, 2012
Resumen
Las lesiones cutáneas inducidas por heparina son efectos adversos comunes del tratamiento con heparina. El reconocimiento temprano y los diferentes tratamientos son cruciales para las reacciones alérgicas frente a la trombocitopenia inducida por heparina.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Farmacología Farmacología.
- Dermatología Dermatología dermatología.
- Hematología Hematología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las heparinas son vitales para prevenir y tratar los trastornos tromboembólicos.
- Las lesiones cutáneas inducidas por heparina son efectos adversos frecuentes de la heparina subcutánea, potencialmente más comunes de lo reconocido.
- Estas lesiones pueden derivarse de reacciones alérgicas o trombocitopenia inducida por heparina, una afección grave.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para revisar el espectro de las lesiones cutáneas inducidas por heparina.
- Hacer hincapié en la evidencia y las controversias con respecto a la epidemiología, el diagnóstico y el diagnóstico diferencial.
- Para discutir las estrategias de manejo del paciente para estas lesiones cutáneas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura centrada en la presentación clínica, la epidemiología, el diagnóstico y el manejo de las lesiones cutáneas inducidas por heparina.
- Se hace hincapié en la diferenciación entre las reacciones alérgicas y la trombocitopenia inducida por heparina.
- Identificación de los factores de riesgo relacionados con el paciente, el medicamento y el tratamiento.
Principales resultados:
- Las lesiones cutáneas inducidas por heparina se manifiestan de varias maneras y están vinculadas tanto a las respuestas alérgicas como a la trombocitopenia inducida por heparina.
- Distinguir entre estas causas es crítico debido a los requisitos de tratamiento divergentes.
- Se han identificado factores de riesgo que influyen en el desarrollo de la lesión.
Conclusiones:
- Las lesiones cutáneas inducidas por heparina requieren un reconocimiento rápido y un manejo adecuado.
- Comprender el diagnóstico diferencial entre las reacciones alérgicas y la trombocitopenia inducida por heparina es fundamental para una atención eficaz al paciente.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre los factores de riesgo y las estrategias óptimas de tratamiento.
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