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The DNA Replication Fork

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork. Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

The DNA Replication Fork

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork. Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 30, 2010

Dna2 ofrece soporte para horquillas estancadas.

Mong Sing Lai¹, Marco Foiani

¹Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy.

|June 12, 2012

Resumen

Las quinasas ATR y ATM protegen los cromosomas que se replican. Hu y otros. Descubrió que la vía ATR se dirige a la nucleasa Dna2 para procesar las horquillas de replicación estancadas y evitar su reversión.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Genética La genética.
Biología celular Biología celular.

Sus antecedentes:

La estabilidad de la horquilla de replicación es crucial para la integridad genómica durante la replicación del ADN.
ATR (Ataxia Telangiectasia y Rad3-relacionado) y ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutado) son las quinasas de punto de control clave que protegen la replicación de los cromosomas.
La inversión de la bifurcación de replicación es un mecanismo que puede conducir a la inestabilidad cromosómica.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el papel de la vía ATR en el procesamiento de horquillas de replicación estancadas.
Para identificar nucleasas específicas involucradas en contrarrestar la reversión del tenedor de replicación.
Para aclarar el mecanismo por el cual ATR mantiene la estabilidad del genoma en horquillas estancadas.

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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

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Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System

Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System

Published on: August 21, 2016

Principales métodos:

Utilizó técnicas de biología molecular para estudiar la dinámica del tenedor de replicación.
Empleó enfoques genéticos para analizar la función de ATR y Dna2.
Interacciones de proteínas investigadas y localización celular.

Principales resultados:

Se demostró que la vía ATR se dirige específicamente a la nucleasa Dna2.
Se demostró que los procesos de Dna2 paralizaron las bifurcaciones de replicación.
Se confirmó que la actividad de Dna2 mediada por ATR contrarresta la reversión de la bifurcación de replicación.

Conclusiones:

La vía ATR juega un papel crítico en el mantenimiento del genoma mediante el reclutamiento de Dna2 a las horquillas de replicación estancadas.
El procesamiento mediado por Dna2 de horquillas estancadas previene la inversión potencialmente dañina de la horquilla.
Este mecanismo es esencial para preservar la integridad de los cromosomas que se replican.