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Los mecanismos en el ciclo de la violencia
K A Dodge1, J E Bates, G S Pettit
1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 21, 1990
Resumen
El abuso físico en la primera infancia es un factor de riesgo significativo para desarrollar un comportamiento agresivo más adelante en la vida. Esto ocurre incluso cuando se consideran otros factores ambientales y biológicos, potencialmente a través del procesamiento alterado de la información social.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Infantil Psicología infantil.
- Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
- Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- Investigaciones anteriores sobre el abuso físico y la agresión en la infancia arrojaron resultados ambiguos.
- Los estudios anteriores a menudo pasaban por alto las variables ecológicas y biológicas cruciales.
- Existía la necesidad de aclarar el impacto directo del abuso en el desarrollo del comportamiento agresivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar si el abuso físico en sí mismo (per se) tiene un impacto negativo en el desarrollo del comportamiento agresivo de un niño.
- Investigar los mecanismos subyacentes a través de los cuales los niños abusados desarrollan patrones antisociales.
- Examinar el papel del procesamiento de información social en la mediación de la agresión en niños maltratados.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en una muestra representativa de 309 niños.
- Se controlaron los factores ecológicos (por ejemplo, la pobreza, la violencia marital) y las variables biológicas (por ejemplo, la salud, el temperamento).
- Se analizaron los patrones de procesamiento de información social en niños abusados.
Principales resultados:
- El abuso físico se confirmó como un factor de riesgo significativo para el comportamiento agresivo posterior.
- Esta asociación se mantuvo sólida incluso después de tener en cuenta los factores ecológicos y biológicos.
- Los niños maltratados demostraron una tendencia hacia patrones de procesamiento de información social desviados.
Conclusiones:
- El abuso físico en la primera infancia tiene efectos perjudiciales en el desarrollo del comportamiento de un niño.
- El procesamiento desviado de la información social puede ser un mediador clave en el desarrollo de la agresión entre los niños maltratados.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de abordar el abuso infantil temprano para prevenir problemas de comportamiento a largo plazo.
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