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Kepler-36: un par de planetas con órbitas vecinas y densidades diferentes
Joshua A Carter1, Eric Agol, William J Chaplin
1Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jacarter@cfa.harvard.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 23, 2012
Resumen
Los astrónomos descubrieron dos exoplanetas con densidades muy diferentes que orbitan muy cerca unos de otros, desafiando la formación típica de planetas y los patrones orbitales observados en nuestro sistema solar. Este hallazgo sugiere que los sistemas planetarios pueden exhibir una mayor diversidad de lo que se entendía anteriormente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia exoplanetaria Ciencia de los exoplanetas.
- Formación planetaria y evolución de los planetas.
Sus antecedentes:
- El sistema solar exhibe una clara tendencia de planetas rocosos en órbitas cercanas y gigantes gaseosos en órbitas más amplias.
- Descubrimientos anteriores de exoplanetas gigantes cercanos indicaron que las órbitas planetarias pueden cambiar significativamente después de su formación.
- Esto desafía la universalidad de los arreglos planetarios similares al sistema solar.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar de una nueva violación del patrón establecido de composición de órbitas en los sistemas planetarios.
- Para presentar un sistema con dos planetas que exhiben un contraste de densidad significativo a pesar de la proximidad orbital cercana.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos de observación para determinar las propiedades planetarias.
- Comparación de las distancias orbitales y densidades de los dos exoplanetas.
- Caracterización de los planetas individuales como rocosos (super-Tierra) o ricos en gas (como Neptuno).
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron dos planetas orbitando la misma estrella con distancias orbitales que difieren solo en un 10%.
- Los planetas exhiben un contraste de densidad de un factor de 8.
- Un planeta está clasificado como una súper-Tierra rocosa, el otro como similar a Neptuno.
- Esta pareja está 20 veces más estrechamente espaciada con un mayor contraste de densidad que cualquier pareja adyacente en nuestro sistema solar.
Conclusiones:
- Este descubrimiento presenta otra desviación significativa de la relación entre la órbita y la composición esperada.
- Los hallazgos destacan el potencial de diversidad extrema en las arquitecturas de los sistemas planetarios más allá de nuestro sistema solar.
- Tales sistemas proporcionan información crucial sobre los procesos de migración y formación de los planetas.
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