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An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
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Protogenes y nacimiento de genes de novo
Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis1, Thomas Rolland, Ilan Wapinski
1Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Nature
|June 23, 2012
Resumen
Los genes funcionales pueden surgir de novo del ADN no genético a través de proto-genes intermedios. Este estudio revela una traducción generalizada de estas secuencias en la levadura, lo que sugiere un papel significativo para el nacimiento de genes de novo en la evolución.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Biología molecular La biología molecular.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los nuevos genes codificadores de proteínas surgen a través de la duplicación génica o la emergencia de novo.
- El nacimiento de genes de novo a partir de secuencias no genéticas se entiende mal debido a la producción esperada de polipéptidos no funcionales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Formalizar un modelo evolutivo para el nacimiento de genes de novo a partir de secuencias no genéticas.
- Investigar la prevalencia y el potencial adaptativo del nacimiento de genes de novo en Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis a escala del genoma de Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Detección de marcos de lectura abiertos cortos traducidos (ORF) en secuencias no genéticas.
- Análisis de la regulación diferencial de los genes bajo estrés y las firmas de la selección natural.
Principales resultados:
- Se detectaron cientos de ORF cortos y específicos de la especie traducidos de secuencias no genéticas.
- Estos ORF muestran regulación diferencial sobre el estrés y signos de selección, lo que indica un potencial de adaptación.
- Se identificaron unos 1.900 proto-genes candidatos, lo que sugiere que el nacimiento de novo es un proceso evolutivo significativo.
Conclusiones:
- Los genes funcionales pueden evolucionar de novo a partir de secuencias no genéticas a través de proto-genes.
- La actividad traslacional generalizada en regiones no genéticas proporciona una reserva para la innovación evolutiva.
- El nacimiento de genes de novo puede ser más frecuente que la duplicación de genes en la evolución de la levadura.
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