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La maduración inmune intestinal depende de la colonización con una microbiota específica del huésped
Hachung Chung1, Sünje J Pamp, Jonathan A Hill
1Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cell
|June 26, 2012
Resumen
Una microbiota intestinal específica del huésped es crucial para el desarrollo adecuado del sistema inmunológico. La colonización de ratones con microbios humanos o de rata no logró madurar completamente sus sistemas inmunológicos, a diferencia de los microbios de ratón.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Gastroenterología y Gastroenterología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El mutualismo huésped-microbio es clave en el desarrollo del sistema inmunológico.
- El papel de la microbiota intestinal en la maduración inmune no se entiende completamente.
- La microbiota coevolucionada puede ser esencial para la homeostasis inmune del huésped.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si la maduración inmune del intestino delgado depende de una microbiota coevolucionada específica del huésped.
- Para comparar los efectos de la microbiota del ratón (MMb) frente a la microbiota humana (HMb) en el desarrollo inmune del ratón.
- Para identificar componentes microbianos específicos requeridos para la maduración inmune.
Principales métodos:
- Los ratones libres de gérmenes (GF) fueron colonizados con MMb o HMb.
- Se analizaron las poblaciones de células inmunes intestinales (células T, células dendríticas) y la expresión de péptidos antimicrobianos.
- Los ratones fueron desafiados con Salmonella para evaluar la protección inmune.
- Se probó la colonización bacteriana específica con bacterias filamentosas segmentadas en ratones (SFB).
Principales resultados:
- HMb y la microbiota de rata no pudieron inducir la maduración inmune completa en ratones, parecidos a los ratones GF.
- La composición de las especies bacterianas, en particular las Firmicutes, difería entre MMb y HMb.
- SFB restauró parcialmente el número de células T, lo que indica su importancia.
- MMb proporcionó una protección superior contra la infección por Salmonella en comparación con HMb.
Conclusiones:
- Una microbiota específica del huésped es crítica para la maduración inmune intestinal completa en ratones.
- La composición de la microbiota intestinal tiene un impacto significativo en las respuestas inmunitarias y la protección del huésped.
- Se necesitan más investigaciones sobre las interacciones microbianas específicas para comprender el desarrollo inmunológico.
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