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La mortalidad por suicidio en la India: una encuesta nacionalmente representativa
Vikram Patel1, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, Lakshmi Vijayakumar
1The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 26, 2012
Resumen
La India se enfrenta a una alta carga de muertes por suicidio, con aproximadamente 187.000 muertes ocurridas en 2010. Una proporción significativa de estas muertes, especialmente entre las mujeres jóvenes, se debió a envenenamiento por pesticidas, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de intervenciones de salud pública.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Demografía La demografía es la demografía.
Sus antecedentes:
- La India experimenta un número considerable de muertes por suicidio anualmente, estimadas en 170.000 por la OMS.
- Estudios epidemiológicos limitados sobre el suicidio en la India requieren más investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar la mortalidad por suicidio en la India para el año 2010.
- Identificar las tasas de suicidio específicas por edad y sexo y los factores de riesgo.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó una encuesta de mortalidad representativa a nivel nacional (2001-2003) que cubrió 1,1 millones de hogares.
- Los médicos asignaron de forma independiente las causas de la muerte en base a los informes de campo.
- Aplicó proporciones de encuesta a las estimaciones de población de la ONU de 2010 para proyectar muertes por suicidio.
Principales resultados:
- Aproximadamente 187.000 muertes por suicidio ocurrieron en la India en 2010 entre individuos de 15 años o más.
- Las tasas de suicidio fueron más altas en los hombres (26.3/100.000) que en las mujeres (17.5/100.000).
- El 40-56% de los suicidios se produjeron en el grupo de edad de 15 a 29 años, siendo la intoxicación por pesticidas una de las principales causas.
Conclusiones:
- Las tasas de mortalidad por suicidio de la India se encuentran entre las más altas a nivel mundial.
- Una proporción significativa de suicidios de adultos ocurre en adultos jóvenes (15-29 años), especialmente mujeres.
- Las estrategias de salud pública, incluida la restricción del acceso a los pesticidas, podrían reducir las muertes por suicidio.
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