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Tendencias en el retraso en el crecimiento leve, moderado y severo y bajo peso, y progreso hacia el ODM 1 en 141
Gretchen A Stevens1, Mariel M Finucane, Christopher J Paciorek
1Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 10, 2012
Resumen
La desnutrición infantil mundial muestra una mejora, pero el progreso es desigual. Si bien el retraso en el crecimiento y la prevalencia de bajo peso han disminuido, muchas naciones en desarrollo aún enfrentan desafíos para cumplir con las metas del Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 1 para el crecimiento infantil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Infantil Global La salud infantil global.
- La epidemiología nutricional.
- Pediatría del desarrollo pediátrico.
Sus antecedentes:
- Existen datos limitados sobre las tendencias específicas de cada país en las distribuciones de estatus antropométrico de los niños.
- Evaluar todos los niveles de desnutrición requiere comprender estas distribuciones completas.
- El Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 1 (ODM 1) tenía como objetivo reducir a la mitad la prevalencia de bajo peso severo para 2015.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para estimar las tendencias en las distribuciones de estatus antropométrico de los niños a nivel mundial.
- Evaluar el progreso hacia el objetivo del ODM 1 para las puntuaciones Z de peso por edad (WAZ).
- Para analizar las variaciones regionales en las tendencias del estado antropométrico.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos representativos de la población sobre el puntaje Z de altura por edad (HAZ) y WAZ.
- Empleó un modelo de mezcla jerárquica bayesiana para la estimación de la distribución de la puntuación Z.
- Datos obtenidos de encuestas y bases de datos globales de salud.
Principales resultados:
- Las HAZ y WAZ medias mejoraron en los países en desarrollo de 1985 a 2011.
- El retraso en el crecimiento moderado a severo y la prevalencia de bajo peso disminuyeron significativamente.
- Las mayores mejoras se observaron en Asia; las mayores reducciones relativas en América Latina; África subsahariana mostró un empeoramiento inicial seguido de una mejora.
Conclusiones:
- Los factores macroeconómicos pueden haber tenido un impacto negativo en la nutrición infantil en el África subsahariana.
- El crecimiento económico equitativo y la inversión en programas de nutrición son cruciales para el progreso futuro.
- La crisis económica mundial pone de relieve la necesidad de seguir centrándose en el crecimiento y la nutrición de los niños.
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