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Intervención basada en la evidencia en la actividad física: lecciones de todo el mundo

Gregory W Heath¹, Diana C Parra, Olga L Sarmiento

¹University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, USA. gregory-heath@utc.edu

Lancet (London, England)

|July 24, 2012

Resumen

La promoción de la actividad física implica varias estrategias. Las intervenciones efectivas incluyen campañas informativas, apoyo social y cambios ambientales para la salud comunitaria.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública La salud pública.
Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.

Sus antecedentes:

La promoción de la actividad física es un objetivo clave de salud pública.
Las agencias mundiales de salud priorizan el aumento de los niveles de actividad física en todas las poblaciones.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar intervenciones de actividad física efectivas, prometedoras y emergentes.
Para sintetizar los hallazgos de las revisiones publicadas entre 2000 y 2011.

Principales métodos:

Búsqueda sistemática de revisiones sobre las intervenciones de actividad física.
Análisis de las intervenciones en los dominios informativo, conductual, social, ambiental y de políticas.

Principales resultados:

Enfoques informativos: campañas comunitarias, medios de comunicación, mensajes dirigidos.
Enfoques conductuales / sociales: apoyo social, programas basados en la escuela (educación física, transporte activo).
Enfoques medioambientales/políticos: acceso a las instalaciones, diseño urbano, políticas activas de transporte.

Conclusiones:

Múltiples estrategias de intervención son efectivas para aumentar la actividad física.
Las intervenciones muestran éxito en diversos grupos de edad, estratos sociales y ubicaciones geográficas.
Se recomienda una combinación de enfoques para un amplio impacto en los niveles de actividad física.

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