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La pandemia de la inactividad física: acción global para la salud pública
Harold W Kohl1, Cora Lynn Craig, Estelle Victoria Lambert
1University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston School of Public Health, USA. harold.w.kohl@uth.tmc.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|July 24, 2012
Resumen
La inactividad física es una importante crisis de salud mundial. Un enfoque de sistemas centrado en las poblaciones, no solo en los individuos, es crucial para aumentar los niveles de actividad física en todo el mundo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Ciencias del ejercicio Ciencia del ejercicio.
Sus antecedentes:
- La inactividad física es un problema de salud global significativo, identificado como la cuarta causa principal de muerte en todo el mundo.
- A pesar de décadas de evidencia sobre los beneficios de la actividad física, la promoción de la salud a nivel de la población se ha desarrollado lentamente.
- Una infraestructura para la promoción de la actividad física, que abarca políticas, promoción y vigilancia, está surgiendo recientemente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resumir las iniciativas globales actuales que abordan la inactividad física.
- Proponer una estrategia prospectiva para combatir la pandemia de la inactividad física.
- Abogar por un cambio hacia las intervenciones centradas en la población, a nivel de los sistemas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los esfuerzos globales y la infraestructura existente para la promoción de la actividad física.
- Análisis del retraso histórico en la traducción de la evidencia en intervenciones a nivel de población.
- Síntesis de recomendaciones para futuras estrategias, haciendo hincapié en el pensamiento sistémico y la colaboración intersectorial.
Principales resultados:
- Los esfuerzos globales para combatir la inactividad física están ganando impulso con el desarrollo de infraestructura.
- Los componentes clave de esta infraestructura incluyen planificación, políticas, promoción, desarrollo de la fuerza laboral y vigilancia.
- El progreso se ha visto obstaculizado por razones complejas y multifactoriales, lo que lleva a una respuesta tardía.
Conclusiones:
- El desarrollo continuo de la infraestructura de promoción de la actividad física es esencial.
- Los enfoques intersectoriales son vitales para avanzar en las iniciativas de salud pública contra la inactividad.
- Un enfoque de sistemas centrado en la población, considerando interacciones complejas, es la estrategia más efectiva para aumentar la actividad física a nivel mundial.
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