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La búsqueda de la cobertura universal de salud: lograr la protección social para todos en México
Felicia Marie Knaul1, Eduardo González-Pier, Octavio Gómez-Dantés
1Harvard Global Equity Initiative, Boston, MA, USA. felicia_knaul@harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|August 21, 2012
Resumen
México logró la cobertura universal de salud a través del Seguro Popular, ampliando el acceso y reduciendo las cargas financieras para millones. Este programa nacional de seguro de salud mejoró el acceso a los servicios y la protección financiera, especialmente para los pobres.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Políticas y Sistemas de Salud Investigación de Sistemas de Salud.
- Determinantes sociales de la salud.
- Economía de la salud pública Economía de la salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- México inició Seguro Popular en 2003 para lograr la cobertura universal de salud para el 2012.
- El programa tenía como objetivo proporcionar servicios de salud integrales y protección financiera a más de 50 millones de mexicanos sin seguro.
- La cobertura universal en México se enmarca como protección social de la salud, un derecho basado en la ciudadanía.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar el viaje de México hacia la cobertura universal de salud.
- Evaluar el impacto del programa Seguro Popular en la protección del riesgo de salud, la garantía de calidad del paciente y la protección financiera.
- Discutir la transición de la seguridad social basada en el trabajo a un modelo de protección social de la salud basado en la ciudadanía.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis conceptual de la transición de la reforma de salud.
- Revisión de los procesos de implementación basados en la evidencia durante nueve años.
- Análisis de la literatura publicada y nuevos datos sobre los efectos e impactos del programa.
Principales resultados:
- Seguro Popular ha demostrado mejorar el acceso a los servicios de salud.
- El programa ha reducido los gastos de salud catastróficos y empobrecedores, particularmente entre los pobres.
- La evidencia sugiere mejoras en la cobertura de salud efectiva.
Conclusiones:
- El programa Seguro Popular de México es un paso significativo hacia la cobertura universal de salud y la protección social de la salud.
- Sigue habiendo desafíos persistentes en la traducción de los recursos financieros en servicios de salud efectivos, equitativos y receptivos.
- Se necesitan más reformas sistémicas para completar la reorganización del sistema de salud y ofrecer lecciones para los países de ingresos bajos y medios.
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