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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Published on: February 15, 2016

Clusters de carbono ordenado de largo alcance: un material cristalino con bloques de construcción amorfos.

Lin Wang1, Bingbing Liu, Hui Li

  • 1High Pressure Synergetic Consortium, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. lwang@ciw.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores sintetizaron un nuevo material ordenado de largo alcance a partir de grupos de carbono amorfo. Este descubrimiento une las estructuras cristalinas y amorfas, dando como resultado un material ultraincompresible con propiedades únicas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Física del estado sólido Física del estado sólido
  • Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los materiales en estado sólido se clasifican por su estructura: cristalino, amorfo o cuasi-cristalino.
  • La hibridación a nivel atómico de estructuras cristalinas y amorfas permanece experimentalmente no observada.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para informar sobre el descubrimiento de un nuevo material con orden de largo alcance construido a partir de grupos de carbono amorfo.
  • Investigar la síntesis y las propiedades de este nuevo material.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis mediante la compresión de los fullerenos solvados.
  • Caracterización mediante difracción de rayos X y espectroscopia Raman.
  • Análisis a través de simulaciones de dinámica molecular cuántica.

Principales resultados:

  • Se sintetizó con éxito un material ordenado de largo alcance a partir de grupos de carbono amorfo.
  • Las jaulas de carbono-60 se amorfizaron, pero las moléculas de disolvente intactas preservaron la periodicidad de largo alcance.
  • La fase de alta presión resultante es quenchable a las condiciones ambientales y exhibe ultra-incompressibilidad.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio presenta la primera observación experimental de una estructura híbrida cristalina-amorfa a nivel atómico.
  • El nuevo material es excepcionalmente incompresible y capaz de hacer hendiduras en el diamante.
  • Las moléculas de disolventes juegan un papel crítico en la estabilización del orden de largo alcance en las estructuras amorfas de carbono.