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Un polimorfismo de ganancia de función que controla los rasgos complejos y la aptitud en la naturaleza
Kasavajhala V S K Prasad1, Bao-Hua Song, Carrie Olson-Manning
1Department of Biology, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 1, 2012
Resumen
Los investigadores identificaron genes que controlan la química de defensa de las plantas y la resistencia de los insectos. Las duplicaciones genéticas y los cambios específicos de aminoácidos en las enzimas llevaron a nuevas funciones, lo que explica la amplia variación genética en las poblaciones de plantas naturales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética vegetal Genética vegetal
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Ecología química y ecología química.
Sus antecedentes:
- La identificación de genes para rasgos complejos es difícil, lo que dificulta la comprensión de los polimorfismos naturales.
- La química defensiva de las plantas y las interacciones de los insectos herbívoros son factores ecológicos clave influenciados por la variación genética.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Clonar y caracterizar un locus de rasgo cuantitativo (QTL) que influye en la defensa de las plantas, el herbívoro, la supervivencia y la reproducción.
- Para dilucidar los mecanismos genéticos, incluida la duplicación de genes y los cambios en los aminoácidos, que subyacen a esta variación de rasgos complejos.
Principales métodos:
- La clonación de un locus de un rasgo cuantitativo.
- Análisis de eventos de duplicación génica en las loci. de BCMA.
- Identificación de las sustituciones de aminoácidos en las proteínas glucosinolato-biosintéticas del citocromo P450.
Principales resultados:
- El QTL clonado controla la química defensiva de las plantas y la aptitud ecológica en entornos naturales.
- Las duplicaciones genéticas en los loci BCMA y los cambios específicos en los aminoácidos en el citocromo P450 impulsan estos efectos ecológicos.
- Surgió una nueva función enzimática, modulada por el número de copias de genes y las diferencias alélicas.
Conclusiones:
- La variación genética en la defensa de las plantas es impulsada por duplicaciones y cambios funcionales en genes específicos que codifican enzimas.
- Es probable que las interacciones ecológicas en diversos ambientes mantengan este polimorfismo bioquímico generalizado.
- Comprender la evolución de la función génica es crucial para apreciar los polimorfismos naturales.
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