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Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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La donación espontánea y la codicia calculada.

David G Rand1, Joshua D Greene, Martin A Nowak

  • 1Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. drand@fas.harvard.edu

Nature
|September 22, 2012
PubMed
Resumen

Los seres humanos son intuitivamente cooperativos. los seres humanos son intuitivamente cooperativos. los seres humanos son intuitivamente cooperativos. Las decisiones rápidas promueven la cooperación, mientras que las decisiones lentas y reflexivas favorecen el interés propio, lo que sugiere que la intuición apoya los dilemas sociales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
  • Psicología social Psicología social.
  • La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La cooperación es fundamental para el comportamiento social humano, a menudo implica costos personales para el beneficio colectivo.
  • Comprender los fundamentos cognitivos de la toma de decisiones cooperativa es crucial para explicar las dinámicas sociales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las bases cognitivas de la toma de decisiones cooperativa humana utilizando un marco de doble proceso.
  • Determinar si los seres humanos son inherentemente egoístas y requieren autocontrol para cooperar, o si la intuición impulsa la cooperación mientras que la reflexión promueve el interés propio.

Principales métodos:

  • Se llevaron a cabo diez estudios que emplearon juegos económicos para examinar la toma de decisiones cooperativa.
  • Las manipulaciones experimentales incluyeron la velocidad de toma de decisiones (rápida vs. lenta) y las inducciones cognitivas (intuición vs. reflexión).

Principales resultados:

  • La toma de decisiones más rápida se correlacionó con una mayor cooperación en varios diseños experimentales.
  • Forzar decisiones rápidas aumentó las contribuciones, mientras que promover la reflexión y las decisiones lentas las disminuyó.
  • Priming toma de decisiones intuitiva aumentó la cooperación en comparación con priming toma de decisiones reflexiva.

Conclusiones:

  • La cooperación parece ser intuitiva, probablemente debido al desarrollo de heurísticas cooperativas en las interacciones sociales cotidianas.
  • La reflexión cognitiva puede socavar los impulsos cooperativos innatos en los dilemas sociales.
  • La intuición juega un papel importante en el apoyo a la cooperación en los dilemas sociales.