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Por qué una perspectiva macroeconómica es fundamental para la prevención de enfermedades no transmisibles
1Health System Economics, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK. richard.smith@lshtm.ac.uk
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 22, 2012
Resumen
La prevención de las enfermedades no transmisibles requiere cambios en el estilo de vida, que afectan a las economías a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, los efectos económicos específicos sobre las poblaciones, los sectores y los países siguen siendo desconocidos, lo que dificulta el desarrollo de políticas para obtener beneficios económicos y de salud óptimos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Economía de la salud Economía de la salud
- Análisis de políticas Análisis de políticas.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) representan una carga significativa para la salud mundial.
- La prevención efectiva de las ENT requiere cambios sociales y económicos sustanciales.
- La comprensión actual de estos impactos económicos es limitada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resaltar las incertidumbres económicas asociadas con las estrategias de prevención de ENT.
- Para enfatizar la necesidad de datos sobre los efectos económicos en diversas poblaciones y sectores.
- Informar el desarrollo de políticas sanitarias y económicas.
Principales métodos:
- Este estudio es principalmente un análisis conceptual y una síntesis de los conocimientos existentes.
- Se examina la interconexión de las intervenciones de salud pública y los resultados económicos.
- No se generaron nuevos datos empíricos; se centra en identificar las brechas de conocimiento.
Principales resultados:
- Se anticipan cambios económicos significativos debido a los esfuerzos de prevención de las ENT.
- La naturaleza precisa y la magnitud de estos efectos económicos (positivos o negativos) son actualmente desconocidos.
- Existe incertidumbre con respecto a los diferentes impactos en diversas poblaciones, sectores económicos y países.
Conclusiones:
- Las políticas que promueven la prevención de las ENT deben considerar las posibles consecuencias económicas.
- La investigación adicional es crucial para cuantificar los efectos económicos de los cambios en el estilo de vida en la salud.
- Una política informada requiere comprender qué cambios económicos producirán los mayores beneficios para la salud.
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