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Reducción de la mortalidad infantil en Níger: una cuenta regresiva hasta el 2015 estudio de caso por país
Agbessi Amouzou1, Oumarou Habi, Khaled Bensaïd
1Institute for International Programs, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. aamouzou@jhsph.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|September 25, 2012
Resumen
Níger redujo significativamente la mortalidad infantil, superando las metas del Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 4. Las intervenciones clave como las mosquiteras tratadas con insecticida y la mejora de la nutrición salvaron casi 59.000 vidas en 2009.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Demografía La demografía es la demografía.
- Intervenciones de salud pública Intervenciones de salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 4 tenía como objetivo reducir la mortalidad infantil en dos tercios para 2015.
- Níger demostró un progreso sustancial en la reducción de la mortalidad infantil y la cobertura de la intervención en comparación con sus vecinos de África Occidental.
- Se realizó un análisis en profundidad del programa de supervivencia infantil de Níger de 1998 a 2009.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar la efectividad del programa de supervivencia infantil de Níger entre 1998 y 2009.
- Para estimar las tasas de mortalidad infantil y la cobertura de la intervención durante el período de estudio.
- Cuantificar las vidas salvadas debido a intervenciones específicas de supervivencia infantil en 2009.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrolló estimaciones de mortalidad infantil y neonatal utilizando datos de encuestas de hogares de 2010 (1998-2009).
- Recálculo de la cobertura de la intervención utilizando ocho encuestas representativas a nivel nacional.
- Utilizó la herramienta Lives Saved Tool (LiST) para estimar las vidas salvadas en 2009.
Principales resultados:
- La tasa de mortalidad infantil disminuyó de 226 a 128 muertes por cada 1000 nacidos vivos (disminución anual del 5,1%).
- La prevalencia de retraso en el crecimiento disminuyó ligeramente; la pérdida de peso disminuyó en aproximadamente un 50%.
- Aproximadamente 59.000 vidas se salvaron en 2009, con las principales contribuciones de mosquiteros tratados con insecticida (25%) y mejoras en la nutrición (19%).
Conclusiones:
- Las políticas gubernamentales que promueven el acceso universal y la atención médica gratuita fueron cruciales.
- Los programas descentralizados de nutrición jugaron un papel importante en la reducción de la mortalidad infantil.
- El progreso de Níger excedió el ritmo requerido para cumplir con las metas del Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 4.
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