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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an unpaired...
Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the latter, also known...
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For instance, consider...
Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired molecule. These three...
Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular01:33

Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular

Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak carbon–halogen...

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Mutagenic Survey of Key Residues of NifB Involved in Radical SAM-Dependent Nitrogenase Cofactor Assembly.

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 18, 2026

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Radical SAM-dependiente de la inserción de carbono en el grupo M de la nitrogenasa.

Jared A Wiig1, Yilin Hu1, Chi Chung Lee1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 29, 2012
PubMed
Resumen

La enzima nitrogenasa es una enzima

Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
  • Enzimología Enzimología.
  • Química bioorgánica Química bioorgánica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La nitrogenasa cataliza la fijación biológica del nitrógeno, un proceso crucial para la vida.
  • El sitio activo de la enzima, el grupo M, contiene un carburo intersticial único.
  • El origen y el mecanismo de inserción de este carburo siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar el origen del carburo en el grupo M de la nitrogenasa.
  • Para identificar la proteína responsable de la inserción del carburo.
  • Para comparar el mecanismo de inserción de carbono con las reacciones enzimáticas SAM radicales relacionadas.

Principales métodos:

  • Experimentos de marcado radiactivo con el uso de S-adenosilmetionina (SAM).

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  • Análisis de sustitución de deuterio.
  • Análisis del papel de la proteína de ensamblaje NifB.

    • Principales resultados:

    • El carburo en el cúmulo M se origina en el grupo metilo de SAM.
    • La proteína de ensamblaje NifB es responsable de insertar el carburo en el grupo M.
    • El mecanismo comparte similitudes con la metilación del ARN por las enzimas SAM radicales.

    Conclusiones:

    • El carburo intersticial en la nitrogenasa se origina en SAM y es insertado por NifB.
    • El mecanismo de inserción de carbono por NifB se asemeja al de las enzimas SAM radicales involucradas en la metilación del ARN.
    • Este estudio proporciona información inicial sobre el mecanismo de la nitrogenasa y el papel del carburo intersticial.