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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 18, 2026

Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones
09:26

Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones

Published on: March 26, 2017

Los nucleosomas modificados asimétricamente son nucleosomas modificados asimétricamente.

Philipp Voigt1, Gary LeRoy, William J Drury

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Cell
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los nucleosomas pueden modificarse en las copias de histonas simétricamente o asimétricamente. Esta asimetría influye en la regulación genética y los estados de la cromatina, revelando nuevos conocimientos sobre los mecanismos epigenéticos.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones
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Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging
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Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

Published on: January 31, 2019

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Epigenética y Biología Molecular.
  • Biología de la cromatina Biología de la cromatina
  • Regulación genética Reglamento genético.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los mononucleosomas, las unidades fundamentales de la cromatina, consisten en histonas del núcleo, y sus modificaciones posttranslacionales son cruciales para los procesos dependientes de la cromatina.
  • El estado preciso de modificación in vivo de las copias individuales de histonas dentro de un nucleosoma sigue siendo en gran medida indeterminado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar si las copias de histona dentro de un nucleosoma están modificadas de manera idéntica in vivo.
  • Explorar las implicaciones funcionales de las modificaciones simétricas versus asimétricas de las histonas.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de nucleosomas de células madre embrionarias, fibroblastos y células cancerosas.
  • Utilizando técnicas para detectar las histonas H3 lisina 27 di/trimetilación (H3K27me2/3) y H4K20me1.
  • Investigar las modificaciones de histonas bivalentes, incluidas H3K4me3, H3K36me3 y H3K27me3, utilizando evidencia física directa.

Principales resultados:

  • Los nucleosomas exhiben poblaciones modificadas simétricamente y asimétricamente para H3K27me2/3 y H4K20me1.1.
  • Se encontró evidencia directa de nucleosomas bivalentes con modificaciones distintas (H3K4me3 / H3K36me3 y H3K27me3) en colas H3 opuestas.
  • La bivalencia en los genes diana se resolvió tras la diferenciación de las células madre embrionarias.
  • La metilación de H3K27 mediada por el complejo 2-represivo de policombos fue inhibida por H3K4me3 o H3K36me3 colocados simétricamente, pero no por la colocación asimétrica.

Conclusiones:

  • Las modificaciones asimétricas de la histona pueden establecer diversos estados funcionales del nucleosoma.
  • Se propone un mecanismo para incorporar características bivalentes en los nucleosomas.
  • La asimetría de la modificación de la histona juega un papel en la regulación de la expresión génica y la función de la cromatina.