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Reformas de la atención de la salud en los EE.UU. e Inglaterra: áreas para el aprendizaje útil
David Blumenthal1, Jennifer Dixon
1Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 16, 2012
Resumen
A pesar de los diferentes contextos, los EE.UU. e Inglaterra pueden aprender de las reformas de salud de cada uno. Las áreas clave para el aprendizaje mutuo incluyen la financiación, la organización y la adopción de tecnología de la información para mejorar la eficiencia y la calidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Política de salud Política de salud
- Comparación de los sistemas de salud.
- Gestión de la gestión de la atención médica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Recientes proyectos de ley históricos de reforma de la atención médica aprobados en los EE.UU. y Inglaterra.
- Diferencias significativas en el contexto histórico y los sistemas de atención médica entre los dos países.
- Potencial para el aprendizaje mutuo a pesar de los paisajes de atención médica divergentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar áreas clave para el aprendizaje mutuo en la reforma de la salud entre los EE.UU. y Inglaterra.
- Explorar oportunidades para el intercambio de conocimientos en finanzas, organización y tecnología de la información.
- Proporcionar perspectivas para mejorar la calidad y la eficiencia de la atención médica a través de la comparación transnacional.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de las iniciativas de reforma de la salud en los EE.UU. y Inglaterra.
- Identificación de las tendencias emergentes en la financiación, organización y TI de la atención médica.
- Revisión de nuevos mecanismos de pago y estructuras organizativas.
Principales resultados:
- EE.UU. está desarrollando nuevos mecanismos de pago (pagos agrupados, pago por desempeño, compras basadas en el valor) y organismos nacionales de control.
- Inglaterra tiene una adopción más rápida de los registros electrónicos de salud (EHR) para la evaluación de la calidad.
- Ambos países están estableciendo nuevas estructuras organizativas (organizaciones de atención responsable, grupos de puesta en marcha clínica) con potencial para el aprendizaje compartido.
Conclusiones:
- El aprendizaje mutuo es factible y beneficioso para la reforma de la atención médica tanto en los EE.UU. como en Inglaterra.
- Existen lecciones específicas en la reforma de pagos, la adopción de TI (EHR) y el desarrollo organizacional.
- El aprendizaje colaborativo puede impulsar mejoras en la calidad y eficiencia de la atención médica en todas las naciones.
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