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Determinantes físico-genéticos en la evolución del desarrollo del desarrollo.

Stuart A Newman¹

¹Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. newman@nymc.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 16, 2012

Resumen

El desarrollo de los animales depende de procesos físicos, no sólo de complejos mecanismos genéticos. Los primeros productos genéticos que actúan sobre agregados multicelulares probablemente impulsaron la evolución de los planes corporales de los animales y el desarrollo embrionario.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
La biofísica es la biofísica.

Sus antecedentes:

Los cuerpos de los animales y los embriones muestran patrones morfológicos antiguos y conservados.
Estos patrones implican que las células se organicen en tejidos en capas con cavidades y arreglos específicos.
La morfogénesis de los tejidos incluye el alargamiento, el plegamiento, la segmentación y la formación de apéndices.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proponer una hipótesis unificadora para el origen del desarrollo animal.
Para conectar los procesos físicos con la evolución de la morfología embrionaria.
Explorar el papel de los productos genéticos en la organización multicelular temprana.

Principales métodos:

Análisis comparativo del desarrollo embrionario y los procesos físicos.
Modelado teórico del comportamiento celular y de los tejidos.
Hipótesis sobre el papel de los productos genéticos ancestrales en la multicelularidad.

Principales resultados:

Los motivos morfológicos embrionarios se asemejan a los resultados de procesos físicos en materiales condensados y viscoelásticos.
Los mecanismos de desarrollo embrionario son a menudo más complejos que los procesos físicos genéricos.
Los productos genéticos ancestrales que operan a escala multicelular podrían movilizar efectos organizativos físicos.

Conclusiones:

Los orígenes del desarrollo animal están arraigados en los efectos organizativos físicos de los productos genéticos.
Estos efectos, actuando sobre los agregados multicelulares, dieron forma a los primeros planes corporales de los animales.
La biología evolutiva del desarrollo puede ser iluminada por principios biofísicos.