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Evolución en tiempo real de nuevos genes por innovación, amplificación y divergencia
Joakim Näsvall1, Lei Sun, John R Roth
1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 23, 2012
Resumen
El modelo de innovación-amplificación-divergencia (IAD) explica cómo evolucionan las nuevas funciones de los genes. Este proceso, observado en Salmonella enterica, implica la duplicación de genes y la selección de copias genéticas especializadas, lo que permite una evolución rápida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Evolución molecular de la evolución molecular.
- La genómica es la genómica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La duplicación de genes es un mecanismo primario para la evolución de nuevas funciones genéticas.
- Comprender la secuencia precisa de eventos y presiones selectivas que impulsan la divergencia funcional es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Introducir y validar el modelo de innovación-amplificación-divergencia (IAD) para la evolución genética.
- Para demostrar cómo un gen preexistente con actividades duales de bajo nivel puede evolucionar rápidamente nuevas funciones a través de la duplicación y la selección.
Principales métodos:
- Observación de la duplicación genética y la especialización funcional en Salmonella enterica.
- Análisis de las presiones selectivas que actúan sobre las copias de genes amplificados.
- El seguimiento de los cambios evolutivos en menos de 3000 generaciones.
Principales resultados:
- Un gen parental con bajas actividades duales fue amplificado en Salmonella enterica.
- Las mutaciones en las copias amplificadas llevaron a funciones enzimáticas especializadas y un crecimiento más rápido.
- La selección continua mantuvo las mutaciones beneficiosas y la amplificación, mientras que las copias menos mejoradas se perdieron.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo de innovación-amplificación-divergencia (IAD) proporciona un marco para comprender la rápida evolución de los genes.
- Este modelo destaca la interacción de la innovación, la amplificación génica y la selección divergente en la creación de nuevas funciones genéticas.
- El estudio ofrece un ejemplo en tiempo real de la evolución génica en acción.
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