Multivitaminas en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares en hombres: el Estudio de Salud de los Médicos II, ensayo controlado aleatorizado
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Published on: September 26, 2018
Howard D Sesso1, William G Christen, Vadim Bubes
1Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. hsesso@hsph.harvard.edu
JAMA
|November 3, 2012
Resumen
El uso diario de multivitaminas no redujo significativamente el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares importantes en los hombres durante una década. Este estudio no encontró ningún beneficio para prevenir ataques cardíacos, accidentes cerebrovasculares o mortalidad cardiovascular en la suplementación multivitamínica a largo plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Cardiovascular La medicina cardiovascular es una especialidad de la salud.
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
- Los ensayos clínicos son ensayos clínicos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Una percepción común sugiere que las multivitaminas pueden prevenir las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), a pesar de los datos de observación inconsistentes.
- Ningún ensayo clínico a largo plazo ha investigado previamente el uso de multivitaminas para la prevención de ECV.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar si la suplementación multivitamínica diaria a largo plazo reduce el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares importantes en los hombres.
- Evaluar el impacto de las multivitaminas en el infarto de miocardio (IM), el accidente cerebrovascular y la mortalidad cardiovascular.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo (Estudio de Salud de los Médicos II) en el que participaron 14.641 médicos estadounidenses mayores de 50 años.
- Los participantes recibieron un multivitamínico diario o un placebo, con seguimiento hasta el 1 de junio de 2011 (mediana de 11,2 años).
- El objetivo primario fue un compuesto de eventos cardiovasculares importantes; los objetivos secundarios incluyeron infarto de miocardio, accidente cerebrovascular y mortalidad por ECV.
Principales resultados:
- No hubo diferencias significativas en los eventos cardiovasculares mayores entre los grupos de multivitaminas y placebo (HR, 1.01; P = .91).
- El uso diario de multivitaminas no afectó significativamente las tasas de infarto de miocardio, accidente cerebrovascular o mortalidad por ECV.
- No se observó ningún efecto diferencial en hombres con o sin antecedentes de ECV.
Conclusiones:
- La suplementación diaria de multivitaminas a largo plazo no redujo los eventos cardiovasculares importantes, el infarto de miocardio, el accidente cerebrovascular o la mortalidad por ECV en médicos estadounidenses de sexo masculino.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que las multivitaminas no ofrecen beneficios de prevención primaria o secundaria para eventos cardiovasculares importantes en esta población.
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