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Algunas consecuencias de tener muy poco
Anuj K Shah1, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir
1Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. anuj.shah@chicagobooth.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 3, 2012
Resumen
La escasez, no solo la personalidad o el entorno, da forma al comportamiento. Los recursos limitados hacen que las personas se centren intensamente en los problemas inmediatos, lo que puede conducir a malas decisiones financieras como el endeudamiento excesivo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.
- Psicología social Psicología social.
- Estudios sobre la pobreza Estudios sobre la pobreza Estudios sobre la pobreza Estudios sobre la pobreza
Sus antecedentes:
- La pobreza a menudo está vinculada a comportamientos perjudiciales como el endeudamiento excesivo.
- Las explicaciones existentes se centran en rasgos individuales o factores ambientales (por ejemplo, vivienda, acceso financiero).
- Se necesita una nueva perspectiva para comprender los comportamientos que surgen de la limitación de los recursos en sí.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la escasez influye en la asignación de atención.
- Determinar si los cambios de atención causados por la escasez pueden explicar comportamientos específicos relacionados con la pobreza, como el endeudamiento excesivo.
- Explorar las implicaciones más amplias de la atención impulsada por la escasez para comprender la pobreza.
Principales métodos:
- Realizó varios experimentos para probar los efectos de la escasez en la atención.
- Niveles de recursos manipulados para inducir escasez en los participantes.
- Medido el foco de atención y la toma de decisiones relacionadas con los comportamientos financieros.
Principales resultados:
- La escasez altera significativamente la forma en que los individuos asignan su atención.
- Los participantes que experimentan escasez mostraron un mayor enfoque en las preocupaciones inmediatas mientras descuidan otras.
- Estos cambios de atención proporcionan un mecanismo para explicar comportamientos como el endeudamiento excesivo.
Conclusiones:
- La escasez cambia fundamentalmente los procesos cognitivos, en particular la atención.
- La "mentalidad de escasez" puede conducir a un estrechamiento del enfoque, lo que contribuye a comportamientos de mala adaptación.
- Comprender este mecanismo ofrece nuevos conocimientos sobre el ciclo de la pobreza y las posibles intervenciones.
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