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Una vía alternativa a los terpenos cíclicos por ciclización reductora en la biosíntesis de iridoides

Fernando Geu-Flores¹, Nathaniel H Sherden, Vincent Courdavault

¹Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.

|November 23, 2012

Resumen

Los investigadores descubrieron la iridoide sintasa, una enzima crucial para la producción de iridoides, que son compuestos vegetales con usos medicinales y agrícolas. Este hallazgo abre las puertas a aplicaciones biotecnológicas y nuevas estrategias de control de plagas.

Área de la Ciencia:

La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Ciencias de las plantas Ciencias de las plantas.
Enzimología Enzimología.

Sus antecedentes:

Los iridoides son monoterpenos bicíclicos con diversas actividades farmacológicas y roles en el control de plagas.
Comprender la biosíntesis de los iridoides es esencial para aprovechar su potencial biotecnológico.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para dilucidar las enzimas involucradas en la vía biosintética del iridoide.
Para descubrir la enzima responsable de generar el andamio del anillo iridoide.

Principales métodos:

Pruebas bioquímicas de ensayos.
El silenciamiento de genes.
El análisis de la coexpresión.
Los estudios de localización son estudios de localización.

Principales resultados:

Descubrimiento de la iridoide sintasa, una enzima derivada de las plantas.
La iridoide sintasa utiliza 10-oxogeranial como sustrato, a diferencia de otras ciclases de monoterpenos.
La enzima probablemente implica un paso de reducción seguido de ciclización (adición Diels-Alder o Michael).
Una reductasa de cadena corta fue reutilizada como una ciclasa para la producción de iridoides.

Conclusiones:

Se identificó un nuevo mecanismo bioquímico para la biosíntesis cíclica de terpenos.
Demostró el reclutamiento de una reductasa como una ciclasa.
Abrió el camino para la producción heteróloga de iridoides en plantas y microorganismos.
Se abrieron perspectivas para la generación de andamios cíclicos artificiales utilizando reductasas.

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