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Análisis del genoma del trigo de pan utilizando secuenciación de escopeta de genoma completo
Rachel Brenchley1, Manuel Spannagl, Matthias Pfeifer
1Centre for Genome Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
Nature
|November 30, 2012
Resumen
Los investigadores secuenciaron el genoma del trigo de pan (Triticum aestivum), identificando más de 90.000 genes. Este recurso genómico revela información sobre la pérdida y expansión de genes, ayudando a los esfuerzos de mejora de cultivos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Biología Vegetal Biología Vegetal Biología Vegetal
- Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Agrícolas
Sus antecedentes:
- El trigo de pan (Triticum aestivum) es una fuente de alimento global vital, que proporciona el 20% de la ingesta calórica humana.
- El gran y complejo genoma hexaploide del trigo de pan ha obstaculizado históricamente el análisis genómico integral.
- Los recursos genómicos son cruciales para aumentar la producción de trigo a través de la diversidad genética y el análisis de rasgos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para secuenciar y analizar el genoma hexaploide del trigo de pan.
- Para comparar el genoma del trigo de pan con sus antepasados diploides.
- Para identificar genes y variaciones genéticas para la mejora de cultivos.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación del genoma hexaploide de trigo de pan de par de bases de 17 gigabase utilizando pirosecuenciación 454.
- Análisis comparativo con los genomas diploides ancestrales y progenitoras.
- Construcción de mapas de síntesis de alta resolución.
Principales resultados:
- Identificación de 94.000 96.000 genes, con dos tercios asignados a los subgenomas A, B y D.
- Descubrimiento de numerosas pequeñas alteraciones en el orden genético conservado.
- Evidencia de pérdida significativa de miembros de la familia de genes y una abundancia de fragmentos de genes después de la poliploidización y la domesticación.
- Identificación de familias de genes expandidos relacionados con la recolección de energía, el metabolismo y el crecimiento, potencialmente vinculados a la productividad de los cultivos.
Conclusiones:
- El genoma del trigo de pan es altamente dinámico, experimentando cambios significativos durante su evolución.
- El genoma secuenciado proporciona un recurso valioso para acelerar el descubrimiento de genes y mejorar la cría de trigo.
- Comprender la variación genética y la dinámica del genoma es clave para mejorar este cultivo de importancia mundial.
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