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Exon Recombination

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
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RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Un potenciador de empalme exon primas IGF2:IGF2R estructura del sitio de unión y la evolución de la función de la

Christopher Williams¹, Hans-Jürgen Hoppe, Dellel Rezgui

¹Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 1, 2012

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La impresión genómica y el desarrollo placentario evolucionaron debido al conflicto parental. La evolución de los potenciadores de empalme de exones en los monotremos inesperadamente permitió a IGF2R unirse a IGF2, iniciando este conflicto.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Genética La genética.
Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.

Sus antecedentes:

El desarrollo de la placenta y la impresión genómica están vinculados al conflicto parental sobre la asignación de recursos de la descendencia.
Los genes impresos IGF2 y IGF2R regulan el crecimiento (IGF2) y su inhibición (IGF2R).
IGF2R en los no mamíferos no reconoce IGF2, a diferencia de los monotremas donde IGF2 se une a IGF2R a través de un bucle de CD.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los orígenes evolutivos de la unión de IGF2 por IGF2R.
Comprender el papel de los cambios estructurales en la afinidad de unión.
Explorar el vínculo entre la evolución del potenciador de empalme de exones (ESE) y el inicio de la impresión genómica.

Principales métodos:

Análisis genómico comparativo.
Modelado estructural de las interacciones proteína-ligando.
Análisis de secuencias de ADN y sus funciones funcionales.

Principales resultados:

En los monotremos, el ADN que codifica el bucle de CD IGF2R actúa como un potenciador de empalme de exones (ESE).
Las modificaciones estructurales en los bucles de unión (AB, HI, FG) aumentaron la afinidad de unión de IGF2 en los mamíferos terianos.
Se propone que la evolución de ESE ha llevado a la unión inicial y fortuita de IGF2 por IGF2R.

Conclusiones:

La evolución de las ESE en monotremas probablemente facilitó la interacción inicial entre IGF2 y IGF2R.
Esta interacción puede haber atraído a IGF2R al conflicto parental que está impulsando la impresión genómica.
La impresión posterior podría haber acelerado la maduración de la afinidad de IGF2R por IGF2.