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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this staggered...
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal tetrahedral value,...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes02:30

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...
Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

Dipole Moment of a Molecule
Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

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Los rotaxanos [2] mesomórficos: protegen núcleos iónicos con componentes entrelazados.

Natalie D Suhan1, Stephen J Loeb, S Holger Eichhorn

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron rotaxanos [2] cristalinos líquidos con propiedades sintonizables. La protección de núcleos iónicos con macrociclos mejoró la estabilidad térmica y la fluidez, con cadenas laterales lineales que promueven las fases smectas y cadenas ramificadas que inducen las fases de cristal blando.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Química supramolecular de las moléculas.
  • Cristales líquidos de cristales líquidos

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los rotaxanos cristalinos líquidos [2] son materiales avanzados con aplicaciones potenciales.
  • Los motivos tetracatenarios forman la base de estas estructuras de rotaxano.
  • Los núcleos iónicos influyen significativamente en las propiedades moleculares.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para sintetizar y caracterizar el dicationic y tetracationic líquido cristalino [2]rotaxanos.
  • Investigar el efecto de la protección del macrociclo en el mesomorfismo y la estabilidad térmica.
  • Explorar el impacto de la arquitectura de la cadena lateral (lineal vs. ramificada) y la densidad de carga en el comportamiento del material.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de rotaxanos tetracationicos y dicationicos [2] con tapones de éster y piridinio.
  • Análisis comparativo con análogos en forma de mancuerna.
  • Variar la longitud de la cadena lateral y su ramificación (alifático vs. siloxano).
  • Análisis térmico (DSC, TGA) para determinar el comportamiento y la estabilidad de la mesofase.

Principales resultados:

  • [2]Los rotaxanos con cadenas laterales lineales y relaciones de volumen específicas de la cadena al núcleo exhibieron fases de cristal líquido smecticas.
  • El aumento de las relaciones de las cadenas laterales amplió el rango de fase smectic A, pero superó las temperaturas de descomposición.
  • La transición de los rotaxanos tetracationicos a los dicationicos mejoró la fluidez, la estabilidad térmica y química.
  • Las cadenas laterales ramificadas indujeron fases de cristales blandos, mientras que los análogos no rotaxanos mostraron solo cristales blandos.

Conclusiones:

  • La protección del núcleo iónico inducida por el macrociclo impacta significativamente el mesomorfismo y la estabilidad en los rotaxanos [2] cristalinos líquidos.
  • La estructura de la cadena lateral y la densidad de carga son fundamentales para controlar el comportamiento de la fase cristalina líquida.
  • El diseño de los [2]rotaxanos ofrece una ruta para ajustar las propiedades de los materiales para aplicaciones específicas.