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Esperanza de vida saludable para 187 países, 1990-2010: un análisis sistemático para el Estudio de la Carga Global de
Joshua A Salomon1, Haidong Wang, Michael K Freeman
1Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jsalomon@hsph.harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|December 19, 2012
Resumen
La esperanza de vida saludable (HALE) aumentó más lentamente que la esperanza de vida, con el aumento de los años de discapacidad en la mayoría de los países. Esto pone de relieve la necesidad de una mejor gestión de las condiciones no fatales para mejorar los resultados de salud de la población.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Métricas de salud global y epidemiología.
- Evaluación de la salud de la población y tendencias.
- Análisis de morbilidad y mortalidad.
Sus antecedentes:
- La esperanza de vida saludable (HALE) es una medida clave de la salud de la población, que integra la mortalidad y los resultados no fatales.
- HALE es crucial para las decisiones políticas con respecto a las comparaciones de salud y los cambios en el tiempo.
- Comprender las tendencias de HALE informa las estrategias para manejar la morbilidad junto con la disminución de la mortalidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para caracterizar la actual esperanza de vida saludable (HALE) a nivel mundial.
- Para analizar los cambios en HALE en las últimas dos décadas en 187 países.
- Evaluar las contribuciones de los cambios en la mortalidad y la discapacidad a las tendencias HALE.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó los datos del Estudio de la Carga Global de Enfermedades (GBD) 2010 para los cálculos de HALE en 1990 y 2010.
- Métodos de tabla de vida empleados que incorporan tasas de mortalidad específicas por edad y prevalencia de 1160 secuelas.
- Ajustado por comorbilidad utilizando simulaciones de Monte Carlo y el método Sullivan para la estimación HALE.
Principales resultados:
- Global HALE en el nacimiento en 2010 fue de 58,3 años para los hombres y 61,8 años para las mujeres.
- HALE aumentó en 0,8 años por cada aumento de 1 año en la esperanza de vida.
- Hubo variaciones significativas en HALE entre los países, con notables aumentos y disminuciones observadas entre 1990 y 2010.
Conclusiones:
- HALE varía sustancialmente en todo el mundo, con el aumento de los años de discapacidad que acompañan al aumento de la esperanza de vida.
- La expansión de la morbilidad requiere una mejor planificación de la salud y estrategias de gasto sanitario.
- HALE sirve como un valioso indicador para monitorear las tendencias de salud de la población después de 2015.
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