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Una actualización de las regiones zoogeográficas del mundo de Wallace
Ben G Holt1, Jean-Philippe Lessard, Michael K Borregaard
1Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 22, 2012
Resumen
Este estudio traza mapas de regiones zoogeográficas utilizando la distribución de especies y datos filogenéticos de más de 21.000 vertebrados. Revela regiones globales distintas y destaca la singularidad evolutiva, mejorando el mapeo biogeográfico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La zoogeografía es la zoogeografía.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Biodiversidad Ciencia Ciencia de la biodiversidad.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los mapas biogeográficos tradicionales a menudo carecen de consideraciones filogenéticas.
- Comprender la distribución de las especies y la historia evolutiva es crucial para definir las regiones biogeográficas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Crear un mapa global de regiones zoogeográficas que integre la distribución de las especies y los datos filogenéticos.
- Para identificar regiones zoogeográficas distintas y reinos más grandes.
- Evaluar la influencia de la información filogenética en la regionalización biogeográfica.
Principales métodos:
- Datos de distribución combinados con relaciones filogenéticas para 21.037 especies de anfibios, aves y mamíferos.
- Generó un mapa global de las regiones zoogeográficas.
- Analizó la rotación espacial en la composición filogenética entre hemisferios.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 20 regiones zoogeográficas distintas, agrupadas en 11 reinos más grandes.
- Encontró un apoyo limitado para algunas regiones previamente definidas basadas únicamente en la distribución.
- Se observó una mayor rotación filogenética en el hemisferio sur en comparación con el hemisferio norte.
- Demostró que la integración de datos filogenéticos revela relaciones históricas y regiones evolutivamente únicas.
Conclusiones:
- La información filogenética es esencial para una cartografía biogeográfica precisa y perspicaz.
- El nuevo mapa proporciona un marco sólido para comprender los patrones globales de biodiversidad.
- Este enfoque identifica áreas evolutivamente significativas, lo que ayuda a los esfuerzos de conservación.
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