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El panorama evolutivo del empalme alternativo en las especies de vertebrados
Nuno L Barbosa-Morais1, Manuel Irimia, Qun Pan
1Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 22, 2012
Resumen
Las diferencias fenotípicas de las especies surgen de la complejidad de empalme alternativo, no solo de los genes. Los patrones de empalme divergen rápidamente, incluso entre órganos similares, destacando su papel en la evolución de los vertebrados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Biología molecular La biología molecular.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las especies exhiben diferencias fenotípicas significativas a pesar de poseer genes codificadores de proteínas similares.
- Comprender los mecanismos que impulsan estas divergencias fenotípicas es crucial en los estudios evolutivos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de la complejidad de empalme alternativo en la diversificación fenotípica entre las especies de vertebrados.
- Para analizar las diferencias transcriptómicas en los tejidos de órganos a lo largo del tiempo evolutivo.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de transcriptomas de órganos de diversas especies de vertebrados.
- Evaluación de la complejidad y los patrones de empalme alternativos a través de linajes evolutivos.
- Identificación de los mecanismos de regulación de empalme de acción cis y trans.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron variaciones significativas en la complejidad de empalme alternativo entre los linajes de vertebrados, con los primates exhibiendo la mayor complejidad.
- Los transcriptomas de órganos divergieron rápidamente (dentro de 6 millones de años) para reflejar la identidad de la especie más que el tipo de órgano.
- La mayoría de los patrones de empalme específicos de la especie fueron cis-direccionados, pero se identificaron algunos cambios regulatorios de acción trans.
Conclusiones:
- La complejidad del empalme alternativo es un factor clave de las diferencias fenotípicas entre las especies de vertebrados.
- La rápida divergencia de los perfiles de empalme contribuye significativamente a los rasgos específicos de las especies.
- La regulación del empalme, incluidos los factores de acción trans, juega un papel crítico en la diversificación evolutiva.
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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
02:18Alternative RNA Splicing
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...