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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems01:18

Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems

The inscribed polygon method is consistent with Hückel’s 4n + 2 rule and helps to learn whether the given cyclic compound is aromatic or not. The compound is stable and aromatic if every bonding molecular orbital (MO) is completely filled with a pair of electrons. However, if the non-bonding or antibonding orbitals are filled with electrons, the compound is unstable and not aromatic. Consider the Frost circle diagrams for cycloalkenes containing 4 to 8 carbons.

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Los poli ((3-alquilteluropenos) son polieterociclos procesables en solución que se encuentran en el grupo de los

Ashlee A Jahnke1, Brandon Djukic, Theresa M McCormick

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 5, 2013
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores sintetizaron nuevos poli{3-alquilteluropenos), lo que demuestra su procesamiento y sus propiedades ópticas únicas. Estos polímeros que contienen telurio ofrecen emocionantes vías para futuras investigaciones en ciencias de los materiales.

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by Copper(I)-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by Copper(I)-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Química de Polímeros La Química de Polímeros es la química de los polímeros.
  • Electrónica orgánica y electrónica orgánica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los poli ((3-alquiltiofeno) son semiconductores orgánicos ampliamente estudiados.
  • La incorporación de calcógenos más pesados como el telurio en las columnas vertebrales de polímeros es menos explorada.
  • La exploración de polímeros a base de telurio podría conducir a nuevas propiedades electrónicas y ópticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para sintetizar y caracterizar una nueva serie de poli- 3-alquiltelurofenos.
  • Para investigar la procesabilidad y la organización en estado sólido de estos polímeros que contienen telurio.
  • Evaluar su potencial para futuras aplicaciones en electrónica orgánica.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis a través de la polimerización electroquímica.
  • Síntesis a través de la polimerización de transferencia del catalizador de Kumada.
  • Caracterización mediante espectroscopia y microscopía de fuerza atómica.

Principales resultados:

  • Se logró la síntesis exitosa de poli{3-alquilteluropenos} con pesos moleculares de 5.4-11.3 kDa.
  • Los polímeros exhiben una buena procesable, similar a sus análogos más ligeros.
  • Absorción óptica desplazada al rojo observada y evidencia de organización en estado sólido.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio demuestra con éxito la síntesis y caracterización de los poli- 3-alquiltelluropenos.
  • Estos materiales poseen propiedades deseables para futuras investigaciones.
  • El desarrollo de poliheterociclos basados en telurio abre nuevas direcciones de investigación.