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1Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan. hnoda@jamstec.go.jp
Nature
|January 11, 2013
Resumen
Las fallas sísmicas pueden exhibir un deslizamiento lento y una ruptura repentina, desafiando las suposiciones anteriores. Un nuevo modelo explica cómo el calentamiento de cizallamiento permite un deslizamiento inestable en segmentos de fallas rastreros, lo que afecta a las evaluaciones de riesgos sísmicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las fallas de la corteza terrestre acomodan el movimiento de las placas tectónicas a través de deslizamientos lentos o rápidas rupturas que producen terremotos.
- Los segmentos de falla a menudo se clasifican por tipo de fricción: fortalecimiento de la velocidad (deslizamiento estable) o debilitamiento de la velocidad (deslizamiento de adhesión).
- El gran deslizamiento del terremoto de Tohoku-Oki de 2011 en una presunta zona de arrastre desafió estas suposiciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer un modelo que integre el creep estable y el debilitamiento cosisismo para el comportamiento de las fallas.
- Para explicar cómo el deslizamiento inestable puede ocurrir en segmentos que normalmente se arrastran.
- Reproducir y explicar las complejas observaciones de los terremotos de Tohoku-Oki y Chi-Chi.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrolló un modelo que combina la fricción de fortalecimiento de la velocidad a bajas tasas de deslizamiento con el debilitamiento cosismático a través del calentamiento de cizallamiento del fluido poroso.
- Se utilizaron mediciones de laboratorio de la zona de falla del terremoto de Chi-Chi de 1999 para la parametrización del modelo.
- Empleado un nuevo enfoque numérico que incorpora todos los efectos de onda para simular el comportamiento de deslizamiento a largo plazo.
Principales resultados:
- El modelo reproduce con éxito observaciones aparentemente contradictorias del comportamiento de falla.
- Explica la radiación de alta frecuencia de las áreas de bajo deslizamiento y el gran deslizamiento en los segmentos de arrastre.
- El modelo explica la complejidad de la ruptura de Tohoku-Oki y los patrones históricos de sismicidad.
Conclusiones:
- La ruptura del terremoto puede propagarse a través de segmentos de fallas rastreros que anteriormente se consideraban barreras.
- Este hallazgo requiere una reevaluación de las evaluaciones de riesgos sísmicos en muchas regiones.
- El modelo propuesto ofrece una explicación unificada para los diversos comportamientos de deslizamiento de falla.
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