Un procedimiento sencillo para el cribado general de la discapacidad funcional en pacientes ancianos

M S Lachs1, A R Feinstein, L M Cooney

  • 1Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

PubMed

Proponemos un enfoque breve y sencillo que los médicos internistas generales pueden utilizar para evaluar rutinariamente el estado funcional de los pacientes ancianos en la práctica de consultorio. El enfoque se basa en la verificación de un número limitado de objetivos que suelen presentar disfunciones, pero que a menudo pasan desapercibidos cuando se realizan las historias clínicas y los exámenes físicos convencionales en pacientes ancianos. El nuevo enfoque se centra en pruebas cuidadosamente seleccionadas de la visión, la audición, la función de los brazos y las piernas, la incontinencia urinaria, el estado mental, las actividades instrumentales y básicas de la vida diaria, los riesgos ambientales y los sistemas de apoyo social. Se utilizan preguntas breves y tareas de fácil observación para obtener la información necesaria para un cribado adecuado y eficaz, minimizando al mismo tiempo el tiempo de administración. El enfoque puede incorporarse a la práctica rutinaria si se eliminan del examen clínico de rutina ciertos procedimientos relativamente improductivos y, especialmente, si los internistas son compensados adecuadamente por el tiempo adicional.

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