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Para favorecer la supervivencia bajo escasez de alimentos, el cerebro desactiva la memoria costosa
Pierre-Yves Plaçais1, Thomas Preat
1Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Neurobiology Unit, UMR 7637 École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles/CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 26, 2013
Resumen
Las moscas de la fruta hambrientas inhabilitan la costosa formación de memoria a largo plazo (LTM) para conservar energía y mejorar la supervivencia. Esta plasticidad adaptativa del cerebro prioriza la vida sobre la memoria durante la escasez de alimentos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Comportamiento animal Comportamiento animal.
- Fisiología Fisiología Fisiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El cerebro es fundamental para regular la homeostasis energética.
- Durante la escasez de recursos, el cerebro prioriza su suministro de energía sobre los órganos periféricos.
- No está claro si el cerebro puede reducir su propio consumo de energía para mejorar la supervivencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si el cerebro puede regular su consumo de energía para favorecer la supervivencia.
- Para examinar el impacto de la inanición en las funciones cerebrales, específicamente la formación de la memoria en Drosophila.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió Drosophila melanogaster bajo condiciones de inanición.
- Investigó la formación de la memoria aversiva a largo plazo (LTM) y sus fundamentos neuronales.
- Se utilizó el análisis de circuitos neuronales centrado en las neuronas dopaminérgicas y sus patrones de actividad.
- Empleó la activación artificial transitoria de neuronas específicas para evaluar la restauración de LTM y las compensaciones de supervivencia.
Principales resultados:
- La inanición en Drosophila inhibe específicamente la formación de una costosa memoria aversiva a largo plazo (LTM).
- Este estado fisiológico es necesario para la formación de LTM apetitoso.
- Las lentas oscilaciones en las neuronas dopaminérgicas, cruciales para el LTM aversivo, fueron abolidas en las moscas hambrientas.
- La activación artificial de estas neuronas restauró el LTM pero redujo las tasas de supervivencia.
Conclusiones:
- El consumo de energía cerebral se regula de manera adaptativa para promover la supervivencia durante la inanición.
- La formación de la memoria aversiva a largo plazo (AML) se suprime bajo la escasez de alimentos como un mecanismo adaptativo.
- Esto demuestra la plasticidad en la formación de LTM que prioriza la supervivencia del organismo.
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