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Estado de estrés en la mayor área de desplazamiento del terremoto de Tohoku-Oki de 2011
Weiren Lin1, Marianne Conin, J Casey Moore
1Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Nankoku, Japan. lin@jamstec.go.jp
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 9, 2013
Resumen
El terremoto de Tohoku-Oki de 2011 causó una reducción significativa del estrés en la región de trincheras de Japón. Las mediciones de esfuerzo in situ confirmaron una disminución sustancial, lo que indica un deslizamiento y debilitamiento de fallas activas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Sismología Sismología.
- La tectónica de placas es la tectónica de placas.
Sus antecedentes:
- El terremoto de Tohoku-Oki de 2011 (magnitud 9.0) generó más de 50 metros de deslizamiento cosísmico cerca de la zanja de Japón.
- Este deslizamiento extremo potencialmente condujo a una reducción significativa en el estado de estrés regional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para probar la hipótesis de la reducción del estrés después del terremoto.
- Para determinar el estado de tensión in situ del prisma frontal aproximadamente un año después del evento.
- Para inferir las condiciones de estrés previas al terremoto.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de rupturas de pozos para estimar las orientaciones y magnitudes de tensiones horizontales.
- Utilizando datos de los pozos perforados por el Programa Integrado de Perforación Oceánica.
- Inferir condiciones de estrés previas al terremoto basadas en mediciones posteriores al terremoto y datos de desplazamiento cosísmico.
Principales resultados:
- Se estima que la tensión horizontal in situ disminuyó significativamente durante el terremoto.
- El análisis de la ruptura del pozo de perforación reveló cambios en la orientación y magnitud de la tensión.
- Los datos de desplazamiento cosísmico indicaron un mayor deslizamiento hacia el eje de la zanja.
Conclusiones:
- Los cambios de estrés observados apoyan la hipótesis de una reducción del estrés en la región.
- La evidencia sugiere un deslizamiento activo en la interfaz de la placa frontal.
- Los hallazgos son consistentes con el debilitamiento de la falla coseísmica y una caída de estrés casi total.
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