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Desigualdades en enfermedades no transmisibles y respuestas efectivas
Mariachiara Di Cesare1, Young-Ho Khang, Perviz Asaria
1MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 16, 2013
Resumen
Las personas con bajo estatus socioeconómico enfrentan mayores riesgos de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) y un peor acceso a la atención médica. Abordar estas desigualdades sociales es crucial para reducir la carga global de las ENT a nivel mundial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología social y epidemiología social.
- Disparidades en la salud Disparidades en la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) afectan desproporcionadamente a las personas con bajo estatus socioeconómico (SES) y a las comunidades marginadas.
- Las desigualdades sociales en los factores de riesgo de ENT, como el tabaquismo y la hipertensión, están influenciadas por el desarrollo económico, los factores culturales y las políticas de salud.
- Estas disparidades en los factores de riesgo contribuyen significativamente a las desigualdades en las principales ENT, particularmente las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el cáncer de pulmón.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Destacar el vínculo significativo entre el estatus socioeconómico y el riesgo y la mortalidad por ENT.
- Hacer hincapié en el papel de las desigualdades sociales en los factores de riesgo de las ENT y el acceso a la atención médica.
- Subrayar la necesidad de reducir las ENT en poblaciones desfavorecidas para la reducción general de la carga de las ENT.
Principales métodos:
- Este estudio es una revisión y síntesis de la investigación existente sobre el estatus socioeconómico y las ENT.
- Análisis de datos sobre la prevalencia de factores de riesgo en diferentes grupos socioeconómicos.
- Examen de las disparidades en el acceso a la atención médica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las ENT basado en el estatus socioeconómico.
Principales resultados:
- Las personas con baja SES experimentan tasas más altas de ENT y mortalidad en comparación con los grupos con mayor SES.
- Las desigualdades sociales en los factores de riesgo representan más de la mitad de las desigualdades observadas en las principales ENT.
- Las poblaciones desfavorecidas a menudo tienen acceso limitado a un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos de las ENT.
Conclusiones:
- La reducción de las ENT en grupos desfavorecidos es esencial para disminuir la carga global de las ENT.
- Las intervenciones efectivas incluyen programas equitativos para la primera infancia, educación, apoyo al empleo, control específico del tabaco / alcohol y estrategias de reducción de sal.
- La atención primaria universal, accesible, de alta calidad y la protección financiera son vitales para mitigar las desigualdades de las ENT.
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